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The Great Leap Forward -
the Great Famine, gave us the most miserable and frightening memory. The golden
bridge leading to communism in my memory is actually a death row leading to
torture and pain. It's always the memories that really hurt us,
The forgotten past is at
least a memory. But what can be recalled now proves to have been lost. The
memories of the predecessors have also become a thing of the past. The younger
generation will not know the truth, and naturally there will be no painful memories.
Still less do they know that all the misfortunes and tribulations they are
experiencing now are repetitions of the past.
He Jiafu seemed to be
very numb to the past. He said to Li Tiandao: "If the memory can't go
back, let it pass. If the memory can reappear, then I will fall into pain
again. Learn to forget, I am learning to forget, Learn not to torture yourself
with painful memories."
Li Tiandao is not the
case. He said with a smile: "Is it true that enough memories will make us
return to pain? A life without memories is a bit pale. Memories always have
tears. But memories of different shades, just smile That's enough. Memories are
just a look at the old time. The older I get, the more I miss this old time. I
miss those fleeting years that have passed away, and I am still alive from
torture and death. Old, we are old Yes, but our memories can tell children, let
young people understand the past, and also understand the present, in fact, the
present is repeating the past, forgetting the past, there is no way to predict
the future.”
Li Tiandao still
narrates the story of the Great Leap Forward-Great Famine era.
As early as 1958, the
catastrophe caused by the Great Leap Forward was gradually exposed, and many
places had already sent out the message of people starving to death. Among
them, more than 380,000 people in Yunnan Province suffered from edema that
year, and 390,000 people died. By the beginning of April 1959, the population
of 15 provinces including Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan, Gansu, Guizhou,
and Hebei had reached 25.17 million. Lao Mao not only read the reports of these
provinces and cities, but also gave instructions. Lao Mao also proposed
corrections because of this, but all the corrective measures Lao Mao took were
limited to not harming the "three red flags" he proposed and
advocated, and the "three red flags" were the direct cause of the
great famine. Lao Mao dare not face up to his own "initiative and
leadership"
The serious mistakes of
the Great Leap Forward always exaggerated the "achievements" of the
Great Leap Forward, and always described the "achievements" and
problems as the relationship between "nine fingers and one finger".
When correcting deviations, we can only talk about "one finger" and
not hurt " Nine Fingers", must not doubt the "three red
flags", affecting their own claims and prestige.
In July 1959, before the
mass starvation occurred, Zhang Kaifan, secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party
Committee Secretariat and executive vice governor, heard that left-hand disasters
were rampant in Wuwei County, the hometown of fishing and rice, and the people
were destitute. Disaster relief and life-saving measures such as canteens,
returning houses and private plots to members, and allowing farmers to raise
fish and shrimp to satisfy their hunger. The people of Wuwei are glad that they
are finally able to survive, and many places have also seen a chance to escape.
The public canteens that deprive the people of their right to eat in disguise
have collapsed by 80% in an instant.
Unexpectedly, the old
Mao Longyan was furious, and denounced Zhang Kaifan for "speculating in
the revolution", "making a big fuss", "premeditatedly
sabotaging the dictatorship of the proletariat, and splitting the Communist
Party". Among cadres at all levels, there were 28,741 cadres of inaction
who were criticized and punished. More than 20 relatives of Zhang Kaifan’s
family were killed; The scourge of the Great Leap Forward rapidly expanded and
spread, and Anhui unfortunately became the province with the highest death rate
in the Great Famine, second only to Sichuan in terms of absolute death toll.
The total population of Wuwei County was 982,979 at the end of 1957 and 662,557
at the end of 1960, a net decrease of 320,422 people in three years, and a total
of more than 300,000 people starved to death, which is equivalent to a Nanjing
Massacre.
Therefore, when Peng
Dehuai stepped forward at the Lushan Conference to truthfully reflect the
serious consequences of the Great Leap Forward and hoped to seriously correct
the mistakes, because he violated Lao Mao, he only wanted to correct some minor
details of the Great Leap Forward. , the People’s Commune, and his own prestige
caused Lao Mao to become hysterical and furious. He not only knocked down
General Peng, but also brought all the corrective measures in the spring of
1959 to a sudden stop, making the wrong policy of 1958 spread further. As a
result, the Great Leap Forward, which was originally intended to cool down,
became even more insane. As a result, the Great Famine was violently
intensified and lasted for four or five years.
Unchecked power
inevitably leads to disaster, and absolute power leads to absolute disaster.
When Lao Mao threatened the whole party to attack Peng Dehuai with
"machine guns, mortars and other" firepower at the Lushan Conference,
he swore angrily: "The one who started the evil has no heirs? I have no
heirs?"
It expresses Lao Mao's
determination and stubbornness to carry the Great Leap Forward to the end at
all costs. In 1959, the Lushan Conference changed from the original intention
of discovering problems and wanting to correct them, to intensifying and
expanding mistakes to "continue to leap forward", which maintained
the totalitarian system and strengthened the imperial autocracy. The evil
effect of not following blindly has made no one in the huge Chinese Communist
Party dare to say "no" to Lao Mao's misconduct.
During the anti-right
movement in 1959, Geng Qichang, secretary of Henan Xinxiang Prefectural Party
Committee, Wang Huizhi, secretary of Luoyang Prefectural Party Committee, and
Zhang Shen, secretary of Kaifeng Prefectural Party Committee, were labeled
right-leaning opportunists for taking some disaster relief measures. lo river.
Yang Xintian, a demobilized soldier from Pi County, gave advice to the cadres
of the working group and was beaten and forced to flee. The Chengdu City Public
Security Bureau arrested Yang as a fugitive. He lost his life within a few days
of the struggle.
In the 1960s, a man
surnamed Wang in Ziyang County, Sichuan Province got married, but he had
nothing to entertain the guests. To get rid of the embarrassment, the groom
casually joked, "We'd better set up a Chinese People's Life Improvement
Party." All of He Xi's relatives and friends were arrested and convicted
of "establishing a counter-revolutionary party". The newlyweds were
both sentenced to life imprisonment.
In 1961, Yang Weiming, a
"peasant thinker" in Shaanxi, and several party members and cadres
wrote articles such as "Feeling the Current Situation" and put
forward the theory of "initial socialism" and his insights on how to
develop the agricultural economy. , the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party
of China spoke highly of it, but caused Emperor Mao Longyan to be furious, and
Yang Weiming and his wife were forced to commit suicide by taking pesticides...
The cruel and bloody imperial dictatorship in the Mao era forced all the people
to kneel down as slaves, including the party and the National Congress. Party
members are also like domestic slaves, and they are often blamed. What a huge
contrast with the preaching of "stand up", "be the master of the
house", "master" and "serve the people"!
The "Great Leap
Forward" was the product of Lao Mao's fanatical impulse, and it was a
national catastrophe caused by the "great leader"'s overjoyed
achievements and arrogance. Since the one-party dictatorship became a one-man
dictatorship, Lao Mao lost any restraint on his behavior. The Lushan Conference
not only failed to achieve the purpose of correcting mistakes, but also
continued to magnify the mistakes with the "anti-right deviation". In
the first half of 1959, some policies of concessions to farmers not only
stopped It was implemented and criticized as a right deviation. The
"communist style", "exaggerated style", "forced
command style" and "blind command style" that had been
restrained in the first half of the year were blown again, and then pushed the
Great Leap Forward into the bottomless abyss , Pushing China to jump into the
fire pit at an accelerated pace, resulting in a mass extinction of life far
beyond that before the Lushan Conference. Especially in the short period of
half a year from the autumn and winter of 1959 to the spring of 1960, due to
the "anti-concealment of production and private distribution" of
violence and torture, the resulting abnormal deaths such as beating to death
and starvation absolutely exceeded the The population death that can be caused
by even any large-scale war in just half a year in any period of human history.
From the perspective of
social background and institutional roots, the violent land reform that killed
more than 2 million rural elites and excellent farmers (landlords, etc.) by
means of plunder at the beginning of the establishment of the government, the
massacre carried out in the name of suppressing counter-revolutionaries and the
cover of the Korean War, shot dead Many national army anti-Japanese generals
and social elites, together with the brutal suppression of religious beliefs in
the name of banning religious sects and superstitious organizations, have
destroyed thousands of years of rural human ecology, destroyed traditional
national character, and caused widespread moral degradation. Thus, it was the
first of its kind for tyranny and the flood of mobs; campaigns such as the
Three and Five Antis, the Three Reconstructions, the Anti-Hu Feng, and the
Elimination of Counter-revolutionaries continued to punish people and harm
others, create unjust, false and wrong cases, engage in violent rule and
political retrogression; The unified purchase and sale of the people as slaves
for life, the household registration, grain and oil system, the people's
commune system, the elimination of private economics and the transition to
poverty, thus turning "collective ownership" and "ownership by
the whole people" into "shackles by the whole people" and
"empty ownership by the whole people". In addition, strict control
from material to spiritual corners, comprehensive dictatorship and exhaustive
political coercion, ideological remolding, and repeated brainwashing...
It can be said that no
totalitarian system throughout the ages has been able to bring human beings to
such a terrifying extreme. This is also the reason why the Great Leap Forward,
which made all human beings laugh their butts off but is extremely sad—the
reason why the Great Famine happened smoothly without resistance, and why all
kinds of dehumanization, mutual mutilation, and constant beating to death and
starvation occurred. layered reasons.
If Lao Mao hadn’t turned
one-party dictatorship into one-person dictatorship, if Zhang Kaifan’s ideas of
disaster relief and life-saving would have gained a minimum of respect instead
of being punished to death against his will, if Peng Dehuai and other upright
party members reflected the sufferings of the people and the scourge of the
extreme left. Asking for your life" can be treated humanely at least as
much as a normal relationship between monarch and minister (not to mention
democracy), instead of breaking the sky with self-defeating, ruthless, and
ruthless hooligan habits. As a result, regardless of the life and death of the
people, the "Great Leap Forward", which had already caused a huge
disaster, was further pushed into the abyss of terror. How could the unprecedented
man-made disaster of mass starvation last for four or five years? How could it
lead to the mass extinction of life in the land of China after the Lushan
Conference! ?
Li Tiandao reflected and
asked himself in the memory. He said: Memories can wake us up from nightmares.
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