Wake up（93）

 

93

 

During the conversation between He Jiafu and his grandson Nan Shanyun, he talked about the rectification movement and countering rightists. Those things were also told by Han Suo.

In February 1957, Chairman Mao Zedong issued a call for "unity-criticism-unity" at the Supreme State Council. Implement the policy of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision" for democratic parties. In the field of culture and science, implement the double-hundred policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend". In June 1957, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Rectification Movement". The great Communist Party of China is open and aboveboard, and has made clear the major policies of the country to the democratic parties and the people of the whole country. It is hoped that the democratic parties and democrats without party affiliation will help the Communist Party of China to rectify the situation. The United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a symposium for leaders of various democratic parties and democrats without party affiliation, and listened carefully to their opinions.

Chu Anping, editor-in-chief of Guangming Daily, a member of China's "Nine Three" Society, presented his prepared speech at the symposium. He said that after the reorganization of the State Council, there are 12 vice premiers, all of whom are members of the Communist Party, and there is no democratic party or independent democrat. "Observation" magazine published an article "Party World" by Chu Anping. Chu Anping came to a political conclusion: the Chinese Communist Party is running the "Party World".

Zhang Bojun, vice chairman of the China Democratic League, requested the establishment of a "China Political Design Institute" to promote Western democracy. Against the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Under this serious political situation, the Central People's Daily of the Communist Party of China published "The Working Class Has Speak", "There must be positive criticism and correct counter-criticism", "Why is this?" "And other editorials. "Organizing Forces to Counter Rampant Attacks of Rightists".

The General Political Department of the Central Military Commission instructed that during the "Anti-Rightist" struggle in 1957, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, except for military academies and art groups, carried out positive education. Don't create momentum, don't engage in campaigns, and don't set "targets."

Han Suo said that his father was working in the logistics department of the Nanjing Military Region at that time. At that time, the political study in the afternoon of each department was mainly to study the editorials and related articles of the People's Daily and criticize the "rightist" speech. Raise awareness, distinguish between right and wrong, clear up poison, and draw a clear line. Withstood the "rightist" attack. After many political campaigns in recent years, another movement to arrest "rightists" within the army will inevitably affect the stability of the army and even cause trouble.

In the late period of the "anti-rightist movement" of the rectification movement, Shanghai Jiefang Daily took the lead in publishing the editorial "Lighten the fire of anti-waste with the wind of rectification" under the initiative of Ke Qingshi. This editorial was highly praised by Chairman Mao Zedong and called on the entire army to learn from Shanghai. Therefore, the Chinese People's Liberation Army responded to Chairman Mao's call and took the lead in streamlining the organization and enriching the grassroots. Initiated the upsurge of government officials actively going to the mountains and the countryside to connect to the island.

Comrade Ke Qingshi, a well-known political activist and theorist of our party. Ke Laoshi was a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, the first secretary and mayor of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, and the first political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region. At that time, there were too many political commissars in the Nanjing Military Region, the first political commissar Ke Qingshi, the second political commissar Jiang Weiqing, the third political commissar Zeng Xisheng, the fourth political commissar Jiang Hua, and the fifth political commissar Du Ping. Except for Ke Qingshi who is a member of the Politburo, the other four are members or alternate members of the Central Committee. There are not so many commanders, only Xu Shiyou.

In April 1957, Ke Qingshi came to Nanjing and gave a report to the cadres above the Sizheng Houlian level at the Gymnasium on East Zhongshan Road in Nanjing. He was regarded as the first political commissar to visit everyone.

Han Suo's father remembered that the meeting was presided over by Lieutenant General Bao Xianzhi, deputy political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region. The old man was really good at speaking, and he sat there talking for three hours before giving up. Rest only once in between. What about us? Sitting on the floor of the gymnasium, my back was sore and my legs hurt, and no one dared to slip away. Chairman Mao Zedong was very interested in Ke Qingshi, and sometimes called him Ke Lao, and sometimes called him "Ke Big Nose". The theme of Ke Lao's report was to use the wind of rectification to fight against waste, and called on the Nanjing army to streamline the organization and enrich the grassroots of the army. Rather than making a report, it would be better to say that he was doing homework, very casually, he unbuttoned the neckline of his Chinese tunic suit, and smoked cigarette after cigarette incessantly. It seems that he is Chairman Mao's smoking buddy.

Han Suo's father said that the struggle against "rightists" was necessary, but he made the mistake of expanding it. Chairman Mao Zedong overestimated the enemy's situation too seriously. Confusion between two types of contradictions of different natures in the organizational processing. A large number of good people were treated as conflicts between ourselves and the enemy. Although many people were decapitated, due to the selfishness and vested interests of the investigators, the decapitated personnel and comrades who were wrongly classified as "rightists" could not be corrected and rehabilitated. The method of knocking down to the ground and then stepping on one foot was applied to his own comrades. All dynasties in the feudal era had unjust prisons. Injustice and injustice make it hard for the people to rest. "The people can carry a boat, but they can also overturn it." Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, there have also been unjust prisons, especially literary prisons. "Anything that opposes must be suppressed, and any mistakes that must be corrected" are indispensable. Don't correct mistakes and deviate from the principle of people-oriented, we should take it as a warning, and we can no longer allow the suffering of history to be repeated.

Han Suo's father usually talked about the three red flags in 1958 to his son the most.

The three red flags of the General Line, the Great Leap Forward, and the People's Commune rose high on the New Year's Day bell in 1958. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the People's Liberation Army is infinitely loyal to the party, the people, and the cause of socialism. When the party and the people need it, they step forward and "come when called, and fight when they come." Where the party points, they fight there.

In January 1958, the Party Central Committee held a working meeting in Nanning. Chairman Mao Zedong held a speech written by Ke Qingshi "Riding the Wind and Waves, Accelerating the Construction of a New Socialist Shanghai" with a sullen expression. Can you write an article?" He also said that "the attack of the rightists has thrown some comrades to the edge of the rightists, leaving only 50 meters." "Go all out, strive for the top, and build socialism more quickly, better and more economically." It was identified as the general line for building socialism. Zhou Enlai and Chen Yun made a self-criticism and admitted that the "anti-rash advance" had made serious mistakes.

Mao Zedong said in a sarcastic tone: "Desolately engaged in construction is to implement socialism with the mood of a widow, because Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty, was a widow.

The Great Leap Forward, the People's Commune, and the Great Iron and Steel Industry are three red flags, the core of which is the Great Leap Forward. On the land of 9.6 million square kilometers, there are huge crowds of people, setting up camps, blast furnaces everywhere, and the flames soaring into the sky. The Marshal of Iron and Steel "raised the account", and the grain production "satellite vacated". At the beginning of 1958, the national steel output was 6.24 million tons, which increased to 7 million tons in March, 8.2 million tons in mid-June, and 11 million tons in the second half of the year. The yield of wheat is 7,320 jins per mu, that of rice is 36,900 jins per mu, and that of barley is 5,700 jins per mu. This is the so-called "Great Leap Forward".

People expect that through this approach, the "poor and white" can be changed as soon as possible, and they can live a good life with ample food and clothing as soon as possible. Chairman Mao Zedong also had this wish.

Chairman Mao Zedong saw that the rations of the rural people were black corn buns mixed with chaff that could not be chewed or broken. Weeping, he murmured to himself, "After the land reform and the liberation of agricultural productivity, how can farmers still eat this kind of grain? How could this happen? We have to find a way." Therefore, his old man tried his best to "more, faster, better, and less" to develop agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

In August 1958, under the slogan of "Great Leap Forward", the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army notified that the Central Military Commission decided to mobilize 100,000 officers to "garrison fields and border areas" in the Northern Wilderness of Heilongjiang Province in the northern Xinjiang of the motherland. Its strategic intention is to deal with "polar bears". He also said that after the end of the Korean War, the main force returning home was deployed within the defense zone of the Shenyang Military Region. The heavy defense is aimed at the northern border. The vast number of commanders and fighters of the People's Liberation Army listen to the party's words the most. Liu Shaoqi said: "Party members must be the party's taming tools." Everyone is responsible for the survival of the country, and the north is in a tight spot.

Recalling this incident in 1958, Han Suo's father became emotional. Among the 100,000 officers, there are so many talented people, why send them all to the Great Northern Wilderness!

In August 1958, the Beidaihe Conference of the Central Committee decided to turn the whole country into a people's commune. The people's commune is like "a round of red sun ready to burst out". Chairman Mao said: "The people's commune is good. One is called the big and the other is called the public." During the first Zhengzhou meeting, Chairman Mao wholesaled a material called "Shandong Fan County Proposes the Transition to Communism in 1960". This Fan County designed a "three-year plan" at that time. Three years later (1960), this county will establish 25 "communist paradises" and implement "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs". The material describes: "At that time, everyone will enter the new paradise, and there will be no money for food, drink and clothing; chicken, duck and fish will taste delicious, and heaven will not be as good as the new paradise."

Chairman Mao Zedong commented: "This matter is very interesting, it is a poem. It seems to be possible." He also said: "The time seems to be too hasty, only three years. It doesn't matter, it can't be completed in three years, and it can be postponed." Comrade Mao Zedong appreciated this grand and romantic plan with the romance and persistence of a poet. However, the poet's ideal is often contrary to reality.

After the autumn of 1958, various crises and problems emerged throughout the country. At the Second Zhengzhou Conference of the Central Committee in November 1958, Chairman Mao Zedong said that the transformation of the people's communes was "so fast! Too fast, and the struggle is too easy." Three months later, the spring famine came. Chairman Mao Zedong asked everyone to "study hard" and "make everyone cool down, and be ants on a cold pot, not an ant on a hot pot."

In November 1958, it was still in Zhengzhou. Chairman Mao Zedong criticized the confusion of the boundaries between socialism and communism, collective ownership and ownership by the whole people. He said, "The current topic, in my opinion, is still socialism." Prior to this, he had an argument with his fellow villager and old friend Li Da in Wuhan.

Li Da said: Some slogans of the "Great Leap Forward" do not conform to the materialist viewpoint.

Chairman Mao said: "This slogan has a dual character." "One aspect is to give full play to people's subjective initiative, which makes sense. The other aspect is that what you think of and what you talk about can be done immediately, which is unscientific."

Chairman Mao Zedong began to be half-cold and half-hot about the "Great Leap Forward", but in essence he was still "hot". But the People's Liberation Army is always "hot".

Under the slogan of "Great Leap Forward" in 1958, the people's soldiers were often invited by the local government to participate in voluntary labor. Xu Shiyou, the head of the military region, and General Du Ping took the lead in participating. The military has one purpose, and that is to serve the people. There is no distinction between hot and cold in serving the people, and it should always be hot.

1958 inspired people, but also left people with unforgettable pain and sadness. During this year, in addition to continuing to catch "Hu Feng elements", he criticized Zhou Yang and Feng Xuefeng in the literary and art circles; criticized Feng Youlan's bourgeois idealism in the philosophical circle; criticized Jian Bozan's idealist view of history in the historical circle ; Criticized Yu Pingbo's idealist research viewpoint in the red academic circle. In the field of science and technology, "pulling out the white flag and planting the red flag" is carried out, calling on intellectuals to be both red and professional, and so on.

He Jiafu said to Nan Shanyun: "Li Dao Dao and Han Suo talked about those things that happened in the 1950s from different angles. In fact, there are some things that no one can explain clearly. For me, I can only rot in my stomach. I I'm a little guy wandering around, can I make irresponsible remarks on those political events? Let's go, let's go see Uncle Chai Jianhua earlier, he knows more than me."

He Jiafu and Nanshan Yun left the pavilion, only to see a kite floating in the air. He Jiafu said to Nanshan Yun: "Even if you are a kite with a broken string, don't be sad because you don't have the string, because you have gained permanent freedom from then on; don't be overly happy because you lost the existence of a kite." Meaning. If it’s a kite with strings, don’t be sad because you are bound, you will always have a home; don’t be too proud because the wind will blow more violently. From the perspective of life, loss is not great sadness "Well, I'm not very happy. You are still young, you must learn to treat your life and this society with a normal mind."