Wake up（56）

 

56

 

From August 2 to 16, 1959, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Lushan. In his speech at the beginning of the plenary session, Mao Zedong explained the two topics of this plenary session: the problem of reforming targets and the problem of line. "We have been against the 'Left' for nine months. Now it is basically not an issue of this aspect. Now the Lushan Conference is not an issue of anti-'Left', but an issue of anti-Right. Because right opportunism is moving towards The party is rampantly attacking the leading organs of the party.” Before the meeting, Mao Zedong also wrote a letter to Zhang Wentian, which was very sarcasm, and proposed the “military club” for the first time.

On the evening of August 4, according to Mao Zedong’s opinion, presided over by the First Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and State President Liu Shaoqi, members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee introduced the details of the previous session to the Central Committee members and alternate members of the Central Committee who did not participate in the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. Condition. Lin Biao was the first to speak, accusing Peng Dehuai of wanting to be a great hero, so he had to oppose Mao Zedong. This is the law of things. In the long run, he is a hidden danger in the party. Some other Standing Committee members also mentioned in their speeches that Peng Dehuai had the idea of usurping the party. Since then, the group meetings and conferences have further exposed and criticized Peng Dehuai and others, liquidated their history, declared that they were speculators who had infiltrated the party, accused them of "connecting with foreign countries", organizing "military clubs", "to split the party" and "force the Maoists" The chairman steps down."

On August 11, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Central Committee held a plenary meeting. Mao Zedong spoke again, analyzing Peng Dehuai and others from a philosophical point of view. Mao Zedong believed that these people had an empirical world outlook, outlook on life and methodology. This problem has not been solved for decades, and he himself is not willing to solve it. These people "joined the Communist Party as bourgeois democrats", "comrades who made mistakes, or major leaders, such as Comrade Peng Dehuai, whose bourgeois stand has not changed in the past 30 years."

From August 13th to 15th, a plenary meeting was held consecutively, and Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, and Zhou Xiaozhou made reviews. The participants exposed and criticized their problems, and the criticism was further escalated, mainly focusing on exposing and criticizing the connections between members of the so-called "military club", and tracing the issue that Mao Zedong was a bit like "Stalin's later years".

Lao Mao, who was fighting Peng Dehuai at the Lushan Conference at that time, was extremely furious when he saw the information sent by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He believed that China's Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune were the new development path he opened up for the communist world and the best thing he created. The organizational form is a creative development of Marxism, not only did not wait for the support of the Soviet Union, but also made irresponsible remarks and poured cold water on it. It turned out that Khrushchev, the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, ridiculed China's "Great Leap Forward" in Beijing as "petty bourgeois fanaticism." According to Peter Jones et al.'s "Inside Documentary on Sino-Soviet Relations", Khrushchev met with Peng Dehuai during his official visit to Albania from May to June 1959; " and the memorandum of the "People's Commune" movement. On the same day that Peng Zhang and others spoke to criticize the Great Leap Forward, that is, on July 17, Khrushchev also delivered a speech criticizing and opposing China's "People's Commune" and "Great Leap Forward" in Poland; the next day, the Soviet Union He and Poland publicly criticized and opposed the "People's Commune" and "Great Leap Forward" through the news media, and the ideological dispute between China and the Soviet Union began.

For this reason, Lao Mao angrily declared that he would declare war on Khrushchev's opposition to the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune. In Khrushchev's speech, he commented, "Is it true that if the Soviet Union failed, we must fail?" He ordered that all participants be printed and distributed, and at the same time asked his subordinates to search for Marx, Engels, and Les to prove that the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune were important. Correct, and ordered People's Daily to publish Khrushchev's speech to refute it, but for some reason, Khrushchev's speech was not published.

On August 16, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the closing meeting of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee: "People always have a way out, and don't force others to have no way out. I hope that when comrades go back to convey, whether it is comrades from various departments of the central government or Local comrades should pay attention to this, and don’t obliterate their good side.”

The Plenary Session passed the meeting communiqué and "Struggle to Defend the Party's General Line and Oppose Right Opportunism", "Resolution on Carrying out the Movement of Increasing Production and Savings", "Resolution on the Mistakes of the Anti-Party Group Headed by Comrade Peng Dehuai", "On the Revocation of Huang Kecheng Decision of the Secretary of the Comrade Central Secretariat". In the end, Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou and others were branded as "Peng Huang Zhang Zhou Anti-Party Clique"; it was decided to transfer Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, and Zhou Xiaozhou from the positions of national defense, foreign affairs, and first secretary of the provincial party committee, respectively, and retain them separately. Members of the Central Committee, members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and alternate members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee "see the aftermath". The decision to remove Huang Kecheng as secretary of the Central Secretariat was not announced until 1962, while the resolution of Peng Dehuai's anti-Party clique was not announced until 1967.

The resolution on "Opposing Right opportunism" reads: "Right opportunism has become the main danger within the party at present. Uniting the whole party and the people of the whole country, defending the general line, and repelling the attack of right opportunism have become the party's current mission. The main combat task." Mao Zedong concluded: "The struggle that has emerged in Lushan Mountain is a class struggle, a continuation of the life-and-death struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in the course of the socialist revolution in the past ten years. In China , In our party, this kind of struggle seems to have to go on, at least another 20 years, maybe half a century, in short, the struggle will not stop until the class is completely destroyed."

From August 18 to September 12, an enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission to criticize Peng Dehuai and Huang Kecheng was held in Beijing. The meeting also involved Deng Hua, Hong Xuezhi, Wan Yi, Zhong Wei and others. On August 24, the National Foreign Affairs Conference was held to criticize Zhang Wentian. Mao Zedong returned to Beijing on August 27th. On September 17, President Liu Shaoqi issued a presidential decree revoking Peng Dehuai as Minister of Defense and Huang Kecheng as Chief of the PLA General Staff; appointed Lin Biao as Minister of National Defense and Luo Ruiqing as Chief of General Staff. On September 26, the Central Military Commission was reorganized. Mao Zedong continued to serve as the chairman, Lin Biao, He Long, and Nie Rongzhen were newly established vice-chairmen, and Luo Ruiqing was the secretary-general of the Military Commission.

When Wu Qiankun communicated with He Jiafu, he talked about the past events of the Lushan Conference. Wu Qiankun said: There is a saying that Peng Dehuai had a conflict with Mao Zedong during the meeting. Peng Dehuai couldn't help but contradict him with rude words: "In Yan'an, you fucked my mother for forty days, can't I fuck you for twenty days?" Mao Zedong read Peng Dehuai's "Wan Yan Shu", twisted the cigarette butt into the ashtray and said with a wry smile: "Peng Dehuai sent me all negative materials, give me all negative materials"; then he said while smoking: "Peng Zhen , Wang Renzhong, Tao Zhu, and Ke Qingshi sent positive materials." "This person dares to tell the truth," "It is easy to offend people."

Wu Qiankun said to He Jiafu: Some scholars believed that Mao Zedong had resentment towards Peng De before; Lao Mao once said: "'The instigator has no descendants'; ; One of my sons was killed and the other went crazy, so I don’t think there will be any descendants.” Lao Mao quoted Confucius’s words and resented his “no descendants.” He may think that Peng Dehuai did not take care of him during the Korean War. For his son Mao Anying, Mao Anying was killed in battle, leading to Mao Zedong's "no offspring".

He Jiafu said: After hearing what Mr. Wu said, I realized that the Lushan Conference was originally intended to "correct the left", but it turned out to trigger a large-scale "anti-rightist movement" across the country. Tens of thousands of CCP members were criticized and treated inhumanely. .

Wu Qiankun sighed: "What I said is all from rumors on the Internet. Most of those who were criticized were rehabilitated in 1962, but Lao Mao set a bottom line: Anyone can be rehabilitated, except Peng Dehuai. Lin Biao It will never tolerate Peng Dehuai's redress. In 1974, Peng Dehuai died of illness; it was not until 1978 that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China rehabilitated Peng Dehuai and restored his reputation."

Perhaps, today's young people don't know that period of history, but the old people will never forget the Lushan Conference and the criticism of Peng Dehuai.