Wake up（84）

 

84

 

Meteors across the sky, just noticed, have disappeared, and will not leave only good memories. History can be recalled, imagined, and remembered. But after all, it is a time that cannot go back. When the years become old photos, the memories in the old photos are often passers-by walking back to back. The same experience of the past leaves different memories for different people.

In Li Tiandao's recollection, after World War II, the international communist movement in Europe, Italy, France, Yugoslavia and other countries had undergone changes towards polycentricity and independence. Especially on the issue of war and peace, they were trampled by the German Nazis. very popular. Lao Mao is indifferent to this, because the CCP was not weakened during World War II, but benefited from it. Lao Mao took advantage of the fierce Soviet-German battlefield to close his doors for three years in Yan'an for rectification, and established his dominant idea of violence as the omnipotence of war.

Lao Mao and Su Gong have accumulated evil to the point of hostility, and it is not a day's cold to freeze three feet.

On August 9, 1945, in response to the Yalta Conference, the Soviet Army entered Northeast China with a million troops. Lao Mao was overjoyed when he heard the news. On August 20, he sent 9 regiments into the Northeast to cooperate in the battle, and ordered cities in North China and Central China, including Shanghai, to hold armed uprisings in an attempt to take the opportunity to seize half of the country in one fell swoop. Unexpectedly, I received a secret telegram from Stalin that day, instructing not to fight a civil war, otherwise, the civil war would resume and the Chinese nation would be in danger of perishing. Stalin asked the CCP to compromise with Chiang Kai-shek. On August 22, Stalin telegraphed Lao Mao to go to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek. Accept the unity under Chiang's leadership, one government and one army in the whole country. Inform Lao Mao that the safety of going to Chongqing is the responsibility of the United States and the Soviet Union. Said that the United States also promised not to support Chiang Kai-shek in fighting a civil war. In Li Tiandao's recollection, the inside story of this matter did not become public until the documents were declassified in the 1990s.

What a face and authority it is for the United States and the Soviet Union to come forward. The negotiations in Chongqing came to an end in Yan. Mao and Jiang talked for 42 days, signed the Double Tenth Agreement, and Marshall mediated, back and forth, but the civil war finally broke out in June 1946. A good opportunity for China to start a constitutional democracy was lost—but historians’ understanding of this meeting is limited to the dispute between the two parties, and did not see the historical turning point that implied the germination of the communist movement.

Stalin wanted the CCP to follow the "French way", that is, to lay down arms and form a coalition government with the Kuomintang, which is precisely his identification with the non-violent line. What Lao Mao has been looking forward to is that Japan's surrender will be a great opportunity for the CCP to seize power by the revolution. The communist army has grown from 20,000 to 900,000, and the territory has a population of 100 million, but he wants to be an official of the Chiang Kai-shek government, and he has a hundred reluctance in his heart.

Lao Mao had to cope with the general situation. After many years, Lao Mao finally vented his anger at the Politburo meeting after Stalin's death. He said that Stalin wanted him to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek, which was the most serious of his "four times to punish us". quasi-revolution". In fact, Stalin did not allow Lao Mao to launch a civil war to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek. This incident was not only part of the peace strategy after the Yalta war, but also an expression of Stalin's understanding of war and violent revolution after his tragic sacrifice in the Soviet-German War. Taking Lao Mao's theory of anti-revisionism is tantamount to Stalin's promotion of "counter-revolutionary revisionism." Lao Mao said bitterly that he must write an article for this, "published in ten thousand years."

When the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was in full swing, Stalin proposed a peaceful truce with the Yangtze River as the boundary. This matter is told in the memoirs of Shi Zhe, a senior translator. When Lao Mao pointed to Stalin's four mistakes, he had listed them as the fourth. Later, Zhou Enlai, Yang Shangkun and others confirmed that Mikoyan came to Xibaipo in the spring of 1949 to convey Stalin's will. Before the communist army crossed the river, the Nanjing national government had sent a note to the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and France to facilitate the Kuomintang-Communist armistice peace talks. In Stalin’s telegram, Lao Mao, there is a sentence that the Soviet Union “has and still advocates an armistice between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.” The indisputable fact is that when the government withdrew to Guangzhou, none of the ambassadors from Western countries followed suit, except for the Soviet ambassador Roshen who withdrew to Guangzhou. Therefore, it is not unfounded for Lao Mao to have a grudge against Stalin for wanting the CCP to "engage in the Northern and Southern Dynasties".

However, scholars have only briefly touched on such major differences that "the revolution stopped halfway". Can a Communist Party leader like Stalin not fully support the CCP in the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party? It is a fact of high-level strategy that the revolution should not be allowed first, and rule by drawing the river will follow. Stalin worried that crossing the river would lead to the United States sending troops, and there was a danger of a war. As early as in World War II in 1943, in order to ensure cooperation with the West to defeat the Nazis, Stalin suddenly announced the decision to dissolve the Comintern and renounced the world revolution. Now, Stalin's China policy has also changed.

First, in the summer of 1945 after the war, Stalin twice praised Chiang Kai-shek as a "selfless patriot" to the US special envoy Hurley who participated in the Chongqing talks, saying that the Soviet Union never helped the CCP during the Anti-Japanese War. Stalin believed that China could only be unified under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek after the war, and he had doubts about Lao Mao: This may be related to the intelligence of Vladimilov, the representative he sent to Yan'an, equipped with a high-power transmitter Vladimilov, who was able to communicate directly with Stalin, reported a lot of old Mao's inside stories, such as having an affair with the headquarters of the Japanese occupation army. These things can be found in "Yan'an Diary" and monographs of Japanese scholars.

Second, in November 1947, Mao sent a telegram to Stalin that the CCP would learn from the Soviet Union to implement a one-party system after its victory. Rejected by Stalin, he asked the CCP to cooperate with the opposition party to form a coalition government.

Third, Stalin's anti-war tendency. In his speech at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952, he called for holding high the banner of peace and anti-war, and at the end he shouted "Down with the warmongers!" In March 1953, Stalin died suddenly, and the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union immediately called a halt to the Korean War, claiming that It was a war imposed on the Soviet Union. And Lao Mao's strategy of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea is to "fight to the end" with the US.

Fourth, Stalin signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the government on August 15, 1945, without notifying the CCP at all, and expressed to Chiang Ching-kuo his full support for Chiang Kai-shek's unification of China.

In short, the feud between Lao Mao and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union began as early as the Stalin era. In essence, it reflects that there are two lines in the international communist movement: violent revolution and revisionism, a trend of differentiation under the new trend of world peace and democracy.

Li Dao said to himself:

We will miss the past, not because we can't let go of people or things in the past, but because we miss the ignorant and ignorant self in the past. An ignorant person is one without memory. Only people with thoughts and independent thinking can break through the barrier of memory and find the lost past when they look back on the past. In the preservation of memory, they can find the truth of history and a part of their own lives.