Wake up（99）

 

99

 

At this moment, at that moment, life is always walking in time, forgetting and remembering. The strands of entanglement are like entangled vines climbing endlessly on the tree of thinking, and everything seems to be unspoken. It's just that most of the things that can be recalled are no longer owned, and the things that are already owned are always ignored in the meaningless remembrance. And the silent time has already carried the pain in the memory, gradually drifting away and separating...

He Jiafu, an elderly man in his 90s, said to his grandson Nan Shanyun that the past years have become dusty photo albums, and those pages of fleeting years have imprinted hundreds of millions of bitter lives. In my incomplete memory, there are still some things about A vague impression of the "Four Cleans".

From the end of 1964 to the beginning of 1965, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a working conference in Beijing. During the meeting, Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi had serious differences on the issue of "four clean-ups". The focus of debate and struggle is the nature of the "Four Cleans". This is the most serious debate and struggle among the main leaders of the party since Peng Dehuai was criticized at the Lushan Conference in 1959. Mao Zedong changed his view and attitude towards Liu Shaoqi, regarded Liu Shaoqi as Khrushchev, and began to make up his mind to remove Liu Shaoqi.

At the same time, Lin Biao appeared. In 1964, Lin Biao issued "Instructions on the Current Work of the Army". In the "Instructions", he clearly pointed out that in 1964, the achievements of all aspects of the army's work were the main ones, but there were also cases where military training impacted politics and neglected political and ideological work. And other issues. He demanded that in the work in 1965, we must "emphasize politics" and focus on the study of Chairman Mao's works, setting off a climax of studying Mao's works in the whole army. Therefore, inside and outside the party, inside and outside the army, a view was formed: Lin Biao followed Chairman Mao closely, but Liu Shaoqi failed to do so; there were contradictions between Mao and Liu, and there were also contradictions between Liu and Lin. The focus of this contradiction is "following closely" and "not following closely". Therefore, the conflict between Mao and Liu was not accidental, and Lin Biao's approach was greatly praised by Mao Zedong. Lin Biao's succession was not accidental.

As early as the 1960s, Chairman Mao Zedong considered studying the People's Liberation Army across the country. In carrying out the "Four Clean-ups" campaign, Mao Zedong also requested that it be propagated and implemented in the army. On December 14, 1963, in a letter to Lin Biao, he said: "I have received your letter a long time ago. I am very happy that my health has improved. After the beginning of spring, it is advisable to go for a walk outdoors.... Two articles on the rural socialist education movement If the army can handle the documents in this way, it will be fine. The theoretical military and political cadres at the regiment and battalion levels and all the company personnel will read, explain, and discuss several times. The masses will put forward their opinions, and the explainers will answer difficult questions. It will become a large-scale socialist education movement. The army and division levels can also send some strong cadres there.”

Mao Zedong not only asked for the promotion of the Four Cleans documents in the army, but also asked military cadres to help localities carry out the Four Cleans Movement. On December 16, 1963, Mao Zedong wrote another letter. This letter was not addressed to Lin Biao alone, including Nie Rongzhen and others. The letter raises the question of learning from the PLA. The National People's Liberation Army has launched vigorously. Lin Biao also proposed that the whole army learn from the Air Force. The Party Committee of the Nanjing Military Region made a decision that the entire region responded to Chairman Mao's call to learn from the "Good Eighth Company", and the military region organs learned from the Ordnance Department.

But in 1964, Luo Ruiqing was overthrown, Guo Huaruo was labeled as a "three-anti element" and so on. Shocking, very confusing.

In December 1964, Guo Huaruo, the deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region, reported to Chairman Mao Zedong that he was "squatting" in a certain place in Zhejiang to carry out the "Four Cleanups". Mao Zedong had a comment on Guo Huaruo's report, which included: Comrade Guo Huaruo's body can stay in the countryside and gain something.... Guo Huaruo is out of tune with me, and has been like this for decades.

In the spring of 1965, Lin Biao seized on Mao Zedong's words and launched a public criticism of General Guo Huaruo. All officers above the captain participated in order to eliminate the influence. General Guo Huaruo's hat is "anti-Party, anti-people, anti-socialism".

Guo Huaruo is from Fuzhou, Huangpu Phase I. After liberation, he successively served as the commander of the Shanghai Public Security Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the commander of the Shanghai Garrison District, and the deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region. When he was awarded the title in 1955, he did not accept the rank of lieutenant general. He said, "Whether in the Kuomintang or the Communist Party, those in the first phase of Huangpu are generals." He was Chairman Mao Zedong's part-time military secretary. He is in charge of military training in the Nanjing Military Division. Deputy Commander Guo's training is very methodical. He didn't buy into the irrationality of the Soviet Union.

In December 1964, Guo Huaruo went to the countryside in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province to "squat" and preach the "23 Articles" to the poor and lower-middle peasants. Mao Zedong had a comment on his report on his stay, saying, "I have been incompatible for decades", Guo Huaruo would be branded as a "three-anti element", put under house arrest, and defined as a conflict between the enemy and ourselves to deal with conflicts among the people. From 1965 to 1978, Guo Huaruo was completely rehabilitated after the "Gang of Four" collapsed and Deng Xiaoping came back to preside over the work of the Military Commission. Guo Huaruo is an all-rounder in both civil and military affairs, and he is a great scholar who knows everything about the past and the present. He and Deng Tuo, the editor-in-chief of the People's Daily, were fellow villagers and close friends, and they exchanged poems and essays.

In April 1965, the Logistics Department of the Nanjing Military Region held a meeting to criticize Guo Huaruo's crimes of "anti-Party, anti-Mao Zedong Thought, and anti-socialism" in the logistics auditorium. The content of the critique is mainly a few things:

1. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he refused to hand over the manuscript "On Protracted War" that he assisted Chairman Mao in drafting. Based on this, he was designated as anti-Party and anti-Mao Zedong Thought. To say that he kept the manuscript he wrote is to belittle Mao Zedong's military thought.

2. Long-term lack of organizational life, no military region party committee, arrogant self-importance, I am the number one in the world, and a tiger's butt can't be touched. Organizational inconsistency with the party. Reaching out to ask for "admiral" is "inconsistent".

3. Living extravagantly, living a bourgeois life, is a typical senior party cadre knocked down by sugar-coated bullets.

In 1968, the Logistics Department of the Nanjing Military Region held a large-scale Mao Zedong Thought study class, "fighting against private interests and criticizing and revising", and Guo Huaruo was dragged out for criticism.

Since ancient times, there has been a lesson that "the country will perish if it is not punished by injustice", but no one pays attention to it. Mao Zedong has always advocated that "if there is any opposition, it must be suppressed, and if there is a mistake, it must be corrected." But in the hands of some bad people, it often degenerates into a stubborn disease of "no countermeasures, no mistakes, no corrections".

The truth of history is often contradictory and paradoxical, and the victims in the CCP are often the persecutors first. Wang Guangmei is undoubtedly a victim of the Cultural Revolution, but she is also one of the creators of this criminal history. Wang Guangmei's "Taoyuan Experience" opened the political persecution of the Cultural Revolution to pursue historical responsibility and liquidate political crimes, not just for the dead and victims, but for the burial of an era.

According to incomplete statistics from overseas news agencies, in the "Four Cleansings" under the direct guidance of Liu and Wang, a total of 77,560 cadres and masses were killed, and a total of 5,327,000 people were killed in urban and rural areas. Three hundred and fifty people. These "four clean-ups" results were proved to be mostly unjust, wrong, and false cases in the review after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Liu Shaoqi repeated his old tricks. He wanted to create another "Taoyuan experience" of the Cultural Revolution at Tsinghua University. He once again sent Wang Guangmei to Tsinghua University as a "member of the ordinary working group" to directly direct the movement. (Female) Queen".

Under Wang Guangmei's command, the working group not only immediately labeled the principal Jiang Nanxiang and all the vice principals as "gangsters", but also cruelly persecuted innocent teachers and students. As soon as the working group entered the school, they ordered all cadres, including the principal and deputy directors of the teaching and research group, to "stand aside" and "go upstairs" to criticize. The people of Tsinghua University described the scenes of chaos at that time as "a large number of parades in the streets, a large number of struggle sessions, and a large group of labor reform groups." Among the more than 500 cadres in the school, as many as 70% were sent to the "gang reform through labor team" by the working group directed by Wang Guangmei. There was a little criticism from the group, and it was immediately labeled a "counter-revolutionary clique".

For a time, unjust prisons were everywhere in Tsinghua University, and "rightists" flourished. According to statistics after the Cultural Revolution, there were four or eight "abnormal deaths" in Tsinghua University in the past ten years, including those who were killed by fighting, and about one-third of them were persecuted to death by the working group!

It is worth mentioning that after the Cultural Revolution, Wang Guangmei's attitude towards Mao Zedong, who persecuted her husband to death, gradually and subtly changed. In the 1980s when Liu Shaoqi had not been officially rehabilitated, Wang Guangmei and her children basically exposed Mao to a certain extent. It is said that she walked away while watching a movie praising Zhou Enlai for protecting Liu Shaoqi, because Zhou was actually one of the culprits who persecuted Liu to death—Liu’s project team leader. It is also said that in Liu Shaoqi's eulogy at the memorial service, she insisted on deleting such disgusting words as "Chairman Mao's close comrade-in-arms and good student".

But since the 1990s, as her son Liu Yuan entered the political arena and soon served as the general political commissar of the armed police, her two daughters have also become the most privileged class in the economic reform—the bosses of overseas Chinese companies. , she also went out of her normal way and began to flirt with Mao Zedong, who killed her husband. The most disgusting example is that she said to Xin Fengxia, a Pingju artist: "Fengxia, we are all good students of Chairman Mao." Xin Fengxia even said with contempt: "Her men were beaten to death by Chairman Mao, she If you still say such things, do you think it’s bad?”

Wang Guangmei's words and deeds have a deeper meaning or her practical protection of her family's privileged interests, especially her son Liu Yuan's strategic consideration of entering the top political circle of the CCP. The gathering of Liu and Mao's descendants led by her to "meet each other with a smile and forget their grievances" was actually a "political show" planned by Liu Yuan.

 

When Wang Guangmei passed away in 2006, there was a lot of praise on the Internet, and there was great sympathy for her losing her husband and being imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution. Wang Guangmei was undoubtedly a victim of the Cultural Revolution. In terms of millions of victims of the Cultural Revolution, Wang Guangmei, as the first lady at the time, was undoubtedly one of the biggest victims among them. However, the truth of history is often contradictory and paradoxical. In the CCP's more than 50 years of political campaigns, the victims within the CCP do not have a single identity, and their identities with the persecutors are often combined and inseparable. The victim is often the persecutor first, and the victim is ideologically no different from the persecutor.

Today, the materials related to the "Four Cleanups" have been sealed up, and can only be used as a commemoration of the long-lost years. Those cruel campaigns of coercion, confession, letter, and beating, smashing, and looting of the masses are no longer publicly repeated every day. But when it comes to pain and memories, these hauntingly tragic images are still poignant.