Wake up（98）

 

98

 

A sad history records the past that is blowing in the wind, and those sad experiences are floating in the scars created by the years, thus creating more sad traces. He Jiafu is old, but now he is so peaceful and ordinary, everything seems to have been forgotten with the passage of time, but facing his adopted grandson Nanshan Yun, he had to tell him his experience... recalling the past days , It was such pain and helplessness. He Jiafu persuaded his grandson Nanshan Yun to stay away from politics in order to let his grandson Nanshanyun spend his life in peace. He told about the "Four Cleanups" movement.

In order to prevent the tragedy of the Soviet Union from happening in China, Mao Zedong was determined to carry out large-scale socialist education in urban and rural areas of China and carry out the "Four Cleanups" movement.

On March 1, 1963, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Strictly Increasing Production and Savings and Opposing Corruption and Theft, Opposing Speculation, Opposing Extravagance and Waste, Opposing Dispersalism, and Opposing Bureaucratic Movement." Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out: "Many phenomena that have grown up in recent years that damage socialism are the reflection of bourgeois ideology in our ranks. All corruption and theft are actually crimes of the restoration of capitalist forces." He called on: "Where the leadership has been manipulated or usurped by the enemy, and where the leadership has been held by degenerate elements, there must be a struggle to seize power." Comrade Mao Zedong's speeches are essentially the nature of the "Four Cleanups" movement. Chairman Mao saw it as class struggle. During this period, Chairman Mao called on the main leaders of the Party at all levels, including the leaders of the Party Central Committee, to go down to "sit down" and personally grasp the "Four Cleansing" movement.

Beginning in 1964, under the urging of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, the socialist education movement, also known as the "Four Cleanups" movement, shifted from a pilot project to a full-scale rollout, and became a central political task of the entire Party and the country. All provinces and central authorities have mobilized and dispatched a large number of work teams. Leaders at all levels personally took the lead and went down to participate in the socialist education movement.

Liu Shaoqi was busy with international affairs and the anti-revisionist struggle in 1963, and he didn't pay much attention to the "Four Cleanups" movement. From February 11 to 28, 1963, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a working conference in Beijing. At the meeting, Mao Zedong focused on the experience of carrying out the socialist education movement in Hunan and the experience of carrying out the "four clean-ups" in Baoding, Hebei Province. After discussion at the meeting, it was decided to carry out the Four Cleansing Movement in the countryside. Since this meeting, about one-third of the counties and communes in the country have carried out the Four Cleansing Movement. This movement is a movement with both economic and political meanings. It is not only for rectifying the "chaotic order" in economic life, but also for carrying out socialist education.

The mass movement construction method since the "Great Leap Forward" caused chaos in the economic range. In the macro-economy, it is manifested by some people buying and selling the country’s scarce supplies; in the micro-economy, it is manifested in chaotic management, most enterprises, communes and brigades have unclear property accounts, and cadres eat more than they occupy. It is necessary and positive to govern this chaotic phenomenon through administrative means. The Four Cleanup Movement is a major action to implement the spirit of the Tenth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Regarding this political purpose, there was a clear statement at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Work Conference. Mao Zedong pointed out at the meeting: There is no possibility of revisionism in our country, one possibility and one impossibility, and socialist education in the countryside can dig out the root of revisionism.

The Four Cleans Movement not only has a strong "Left" color in its methods, but also is completely dominated by the established "Left" theory in terms of content, highlighting class struggle to an unprecedented degree. In theory, it strongly emphasized the central position and significance of class struggle in various specific contents of the movement. The "Decision on Several Issues Concerning Current Rural Work (Draft)" (i.e., the "Ten Articles") emphasizes: "Carrying out class struggle and the struggle between the two roads are the fundamental issues that determine the success or failure of our socialist cause." The Regulations on Some Specific Policies in the Rural Socialist Education Movement (Draft) (i.e., the "Later Ten Articles") proposes to "take class struggle as the key link." In the actual content of the movement, the development of class struggle and "seizing power" were taken as the central content.

The unjust, false and wrongly decided cases of the so-called "counter-revolutionary dual-faced regime" in the Taoyuan Brigade of Luwangzhuang Commune in Funing County, Hebei Province, which is a typical "power seizure" in the whole country, were born out of the social education movement in the above background.

In the summer of 1963, the Hebei Provincial Party Committee had carried out a pilot project of "Four Cleansing" in the Pulan Brigade of Luwangzhuang Commune, Funing County, Tangshan Prefecture. In the winter of the same year, according to the instructions of the Provincial Party Committee, the "Four Cleansing" task force of the Taoyuan Brigade of Luwangzhuang Commune referred to the experience of the pilot project of the Pulan Brigade. The task force was led by Wang Guangmei, the wife of then President Liu Shaoqi.

The work team drew up a work plan, which roughly divided into several steps: first, establish a connection with the roots, talk about the "Double Ten Rules", and initially organize a class team of poor and lower-middle peasants; Struggle; finally engage in organizational construction and set off a production climax.

Wang Guangmei's position on the Chinese political stage is not determined solely by her status as the first lady of the diplomatic vase, but by the "Taoyuan experience" of the Hebei Siqing Movement that she and her husband-in-law Liu Shaoqi founded together, also known as " A summary of the experience of a brigade's socialist education movement". Before the work team entered the village, they first studied in Qinhuangdao for a week. The preliminary plan was to stay there for 3 months, but after entering the village, it became "more and more complicated", and it actually took 5 months.

In the "Taoyuan Experience" co-created by Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei, coercion, confession, belief and cruel corporal punishment abound. Under Wang Guangmei's instigation, the work team engaged in forced confessions. Follow up, stalk, punish cadres, bend over, bow their heads, swallow flying, and detain cadres. They even extorted and cheated the cadres to take off their clothes and go outside to freeze. The work team always drew out guns to threaten the cadres... The fourth team where Wang Guangmei lived was the most violent. When fighting against Zhao Yanchen, the captain of the fourth team, Wang Guangmei saw Zhao Yanchen kneeling as a punishment, and encouraged him to say, "You have done a good job, and you are doing it right. I firmly support you, so I will use this method to continue." Under Wang Guangmei's instigation, corporal punishment The wind is getting stronger and stronger. "It is worth mentioning here: "Yanfei" is the very popular "jet" during the Cultural Revolution - it probably originated from the "Taoyuan experience"!

After 1964, Liu Shaoqi's attention began to turn to the "Siqing" movement. From May to June 1964, the central government held a national work conference. At the meeting, further emphasis was placed on carrying out the socialist education movement. Chairman Mao said at the meeting: One-third of the leadership at the grassroots level in the country is not in our hands. Liu Shaoqi agreed with Chairman Mao's opinion and pointed out that before the masses are fully mobilized, it is not possible to emphasize the unity of more than 95% of the cadres. Soon, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a decision: set up a national "Four Cleans" and "Five Antis" headquarters, headed by Liu Shaoqi, and presided over the revision of the "Later Ten Articles". In this way, guiding the national socialist education movement became an important task of Liu Shaoqi.

In order to achieve the strategic goal of "anti-revisionism and prevention of revisionism", and because the problems of grassroots cadres were estimated to be more serious, the Four Cleansing Movement adopted different leadership and activity methods from previous political movements. The leadership of the movement is not the responsibility of the leaders of the original unit or region, but a work team (team) dispatched from top to bottom to take full responsibility; in terms of working methods, it adopts the method of opening up new areas during the war years, first "visiting Ask the poor, take root and connect with each other", and then "organize the revolutionary class team" on this basis, and then carry out the investigation and "seizure power" struggle. Of course, from the perspective of checking economic problems, it is necessary and normal to start from the top down. Otherwise, if you check yourself, you will hardly get results. But from the very beginning, grassroots cadres were treated in the same way as "class enemies", which expanded the scope of attack.

Liu Shaoqi's views and practices on the "Four Cleanups" movement are completely different from those of Mao Zedong. Represented by Liu Shaoqi, the views on the nature of the "Four Cleans" movement are: (1) the contradiction between the "Four Cleans" and the "Four Unclears"; cross.

On December 28, 1964, Mao Zedong severely criticized Liu Shaoqi's above-mentioned formulation at the Central Work Conference. At the same time, the "17 Articles" presided over by Liu Shaoqi were rejected, and the "23 Articles" were re-enacted.

From December 15, 1964 to January 14, 1965, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a working conference in Beijing. During the meeting, Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi had serious differences on the issue of "four clean-ups". The focus of debate and struggle is the nature of the "Four Cleans".

In 1963, 1964, and 1965, countless provincial and ministerial-level leading cadres, leading cadres of large regions (including large military regions), and leading cadres of central ministries and commissions who went to "squat" in three years, wrote "reports" to the Party Central Committee like a snowflake fly. The situation is indeed serious. At the Central Work Conference, the participants never expected such serious differences and conflicts between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. In fact, this struggle has been going on for a long time. It has deep historical and practical (at that time) reasons.

This is the most serious debate and struggle among the main leaders of the party since Peng Dehuai was criticized at the Lushan Conference in 1959. Mao Zedong changed his view and attitude towards Liu Shaoqi, regarded Liu Shaoqi as Khrushchev, and began to make up his mind to remove Liu Shaoqi.

He Jiafu said to his grandson Nan Shanyun that if we read the "Taoyuan Experience" that Wang Guangmei vigorously promoted and preached throughout the country, we will be surprised to find that they are a preview of Lao Mao's Cultural Revolution in some form, at least for Lao Mao's Cultural Revolution. It provides a rare experience in method, form and thought. First of all, the "Taoyuan experience" created a very bad example of "wife's participation in politics" at the highest level of the CCP, which made Mao Zedong later use Jiang Qing as the vanguard and thug of the Cultural Revolution he launched. There are laws to follow and rules to follow. Secondly, the "Taoyuan Experience" founded by Wang Guangmei adopted the method of "mass movement", advocated the formation of another "class team" and carried out "struggle for power", and provided Lao Mao's Cultural Revolution with another "class team" outside the system, and then The idea of "struggle for power". The "Taoyuan experience" also provided a very bad model for coercion, confession, letter, and beating, smashing, and looting during the Cultural Revolution.

However, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, all these "experiences" developed under the direct guidance of Liu and Wang were all rehabilitated as unjust, wrong, and false cases after review. Cool.

The tragedy of Liu Shaoqi lies in this: the experience created by the couple eventually became Mao Zedong's sharp weapon to defeat them.

There are no ifs in life, only consequences and results, the past will never come back, and what comes back will no longer be perfect. Some things, can not stand again.