Wake up（53）

 

53

 

Life is short, but there are many experiences that are unforgettable. For nearly a hundred years, the Chinese seem to have survived by shouting slogans. With those resounding slogans, hundreds of millions of Chinese people strode forward with great vigor. However, time flies, we have passed the hasty years, we have given all of ourselves, from youth to life, and the result is empty-handed, nothing, and even our own thoughts are strictly controlled.

Wu Qiankun said to He Jiafu: "The inferiority of the Chinese people is stupidity and ignorance, and they have always been accustomed to living in nightmares. Those hateful treacherous officials and shameless experts will always come up with some tricks to fool the people in order to flatter them. "

Wu Qiankun said angrily: All kinds of outlandish, outlandish, reckless acts that cost people and money were created during the Great Leap Forward. Hundreds of thousands of acres of double-cropping late rice that was forced to be promoted in Chongning County, Sichuan Province, had not yet headed until September. The county held a pledging meeting to ensure a good harvest of late rice, and various communes organized labor forces to guard the fields day and night. Lingsheng Township uses "thermal fertilizers" such as plant ash, chicken, and cow dung to increase the ground temperature; Junping Township "automatically saves three to five taels of vegetable oil" and applies mixed manure to the fields; "Draining ditches, erecting frames along the middle, and combing hair in separate compartments; the Jinxing Society lit fires around the field ridges, and used bamboo tubes to input heating into the fields, set up braziers around the field ridges to "resist low temperature invasion", or sprayed oil with beef bones to promote early earing and flowering.

In order to achieve the goal of high yield, in some places, gas lamps are installed on high-yield fields to increase photosynthesis, and in some places, blowers are installed on the edge of the fields to blow air to the fields. Some invented the method of boiling dog meat soup as fertilizer. No matter who owned the dog or what breed it was, they would all be killed in public without having their intestines broken. They would throw the whole thing into a big pot and boil it. The dog meat soup would be sprinkled on the fields, saying It is crops drinking can increase production. After all the dogs were beaten to death in Fuping County, Shaanxi Province, the refined broth was boiled and poured on the fields. In some places, "glucose" for wheat was invented. Dense holes were made with wooden sticks in the wheat field, and the thin manure soup mixed with human excrement and urine was poured into it. It was said that the crops would grow faster, but who knew it? After a few days, the wheat seedlings will all turn yellow. The reason is that the root system of the wheat is damaged, and it is difficult to absorb too much fertilizer, so it burns to death. In order to produce grain early, Xiangyin County, Hunan Province called on farmers to eat New Year's rice and soak the seeds. As a result, the 94,200 kilograms of seeds sown all rotted because the land was still cold.

The high-yield big talk is exhausted, the absurd methods have been exhausted, and hundreds of millions of farmers have been tossed to death, but the actual grain production is far from keeping up with the leap forward target set by the authorities. Falsification has become the only "outlet". The most common method of fraud is to move all the mature crops to one field for acceptance by superiors, or to invite leaders and media from all parties to "harvest on the spot", and often repeat the weighing through careful arrangements. In order to prevent flaws from being seen, some places transplanted rice that had not yet headed and flowered together in advance, and all of them rotted in the field.

The People's Daily, an authoritative newspaper representing the "mouthpiece" of the Party Central Committee, has been reprimanded by Mao as a "dead man running a newspaper" since 1957 when Mao's speech was not published in time according to the central government's regulations, and the editor-in-chief was changed. People suddenly became fierce and powerful, and first charged in the "anti-rightists", and then led the people of the whole country to run wildly in the "satellite release" competition in 1958: June 11, Wei County, Hebei, 2394 kg; June 18 , Gaoqiu County, Henan Province, 4,412 kg; June 21, Henan Hui County, 4,535 kg; June 30, Hebei Anguo County, 5,103 kg... On July 12, Henan Province, which has released 29 wheat satellites Super satellite launch: Heping Society, Xiping County yields 7,320 catties per mu!

When the northern wheat-producing areas were covered with satellites, Wang Renzhong, Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee, asked why it was not possible to produce 10,000 jin of rice per mu? Sure enough, on August 1, the People's Daily reported on the front page that Hubei model worker Guan Musheng's "Changfeng Society Rides the Changfeng to Break the Waves—Early Rice Yields 15,000 Jin per Mu".

The China Youth Daily did not show weakness, published Qian Xuesen's majestic article on the yield of ten thousand catties per mu, and published an editorial "We can produce as much as we need", "How much grain can one mu of land produce?

We have now found a complete answer to this question, which is "How bold people are, how productive the land is"... Facts have proved that the development of agricultural production in our country is unlimited, and we can produce as much as we need. "

"How bold a person is, how productive the land is" has since become the "famous saying" and "basis" for launching high-yield satellites.

Everyone knows it is fake, and no one dares to tell the truth. Everyone has to participate in bragging and one must be better than the other, otherwise you must be the one who suffers. Yang Xianzhen, vice president of the Central Party School, went to Henan and saw the slogan "How bold the people are, how productive the land is" and put forward different opinions. He was criticized in Henan and punished again after returning to Beijing. Peking University and Renmin University formed a joint investigation team on the people's communes to investigate Henan and other places, and produced a "Compilation of Issues" to report to the central government the actual situation of rural exaggeration and bragging and the peasants' suffering from it. It was accused of being "crazy" Oppose the Three Red Flags", Zou Lufeng, a member of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China who was in charge of this matter, the vice president and first deputy secretary of Peking University, was forced to commit suicide by jumping into a lake. Not telling lies or not telling lies is not enough to be punished, not only to touch the soul, but also to suffer from flesh and blood.

That year, Xichong held a meeting of cadres above the party secretary of the rural brigade, forcing everyone to express their views on high-yield satellites, and then on the spot a few officials who reported the least output and boasted the least amount of bragging were caught on the spot. , and then the participants and other executive organizers prepared in advance to beat them like raindrops with bamboo boards. This method of playing Xichong is commonly known as "playing the soft board". Fighting "Rightists", punishing "Rightist elements", fighting "bad elements", holding struggle meetings, etc. are also often used in this way, and it is often heard that they are beaten to death on the spot.

Exaggeration and bragging have become a social trend that everyone has to do and dare not do, and the "high-yield satellite" in the People's Daily has risen accordingly: On August 22, the yield per mu in Fanchang County, Anhui Province was 43,075 jin; , the yield per mu in Pixian County, Sichuan is 82,525 jin... The "high-yield satellite" in the People's Daily has been placed in Huanjiang County, Guangxi 130,434 jin, and Xiaozhan Commune, Hebei 152,533 jin. The yield per mu is 130,000 catties and 150,000 catties! Think about it, if more than 100,000 catties of rice are piled on an acre of land, no one person is tall and at least tens of centimeters thick. No wonder Lao Mao repeatedly expressed his concern about "what to do when there is too much food".

The Great Leap Forward also has a nice name: "production revolution and technological revolution." Since Lao Mao talked about breaking superstition at the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress, and wrote the comment that "the lowly are the smartest, and the noble are the most stupid", Amidst the overwhelming propaganda, the "humble people" suddenly realized that "science" is nothing more than that: scientific inventions are mostly made by people without culture and education.

All kinds of blown out and exaggerated "inventions" and achievements have appeared in the newspapers one after another.

The "Nongdahei" hen bred by Beijing Agricultural University lays more than three or two eggs. Members of Hexing Management District, Suiping County, Henan Province used millet and sorghum to graft and cultivate "Sorghum Valley". Wang Lizhi of the Shandong Provincial Institute of Horticultural Science grafted the young apple fruit onto the growing pumpkin. The shape, color, taste and size of the apple fruit were the same as those on the tree.

Shang Machao, a sixth-grade student at Qingtou Primary School in Xieyu County, Shanxi Province, grafted tomatoes and potatoes to form a "two-story" plant, and grafted cotton to sunflower seedlings to grow black cotton.

Since ancient times, hens have hatched chickens, and roosters can neither lay eggs nor hatch chicks except for crowing. However, members of the Agricultural Society of Linji Village, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province have succeeded in experimenting with roosters hatching chicks. The method is to cut off the genitals of the cock, get it drunk with two glasses of wine, and let the drunk chicken hatch the chicks. After three days in this way, the rooster will not leave the egg, and the chicks can be hatched and raised all the time.

Six students from the Animal Husbandry Department of Northwest Agricultural University formed a "satellite commando team". In order to improve feed management methods, they moved into the pig shed to live with the pigs. Then part of the thymus of the pig is cut off, so that the daily weight gain of the pig is greatly improved. According to the report, "20 pigs gained an average of 6 and a half catties in 5 days, and one of them gained 19 catties a day".

In order to "solve the sharp contradiction between a good harvest and a shortage of labor", the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued an instruction to quickly carry out a movement to improve agricultural tools in the countryside, requiring the entire party to mobilize and the whole people to do it. "Everyone is a craftsman, and every household is a factory."

Beijing held an exhibition of agricultural tool innovation, exhibiting thousands of "new agricultural tools", most of which are wooden and manual, "manual combine harvesters" operated by people, giant human-powered irrigation devices that can only be activated by dozens of people, and For things like perpetual motion machines, the entire open-air exhibition site is like a medieval museum, and batches of officials at all levels and representatives from various places come here to open their eyes and inspire inspiration. 36 "smartest" illiterate and semi-literate people were recruited as members of the China Society of Agricultural Machinery. It is said that the various human-powered machines they created can improve work efficiency by tens or hundreds of times, and are even "dozens of times higher than animal power."

The most famous new farm tool is the double-wheeled double-share plow that has made a lot of noise. This kind of guy with an all-metal structure with wheels and two front and rear blades has a heavy weight of more than 300 kilograms, and the lightest one has a weight of more than 180 kilograms. This stupid and clumsy guy was introduced from Eastern Europe as a new type of farm tool. It was difficult to use in the plains, but it was a waste of money in the mountains and paddy fields. It had a terrible reputation. In 1956, 1.6 million units were forcibly promoted. Farmers were deceived and demanded to "return the plow". However, due to Lao Mao's support, it had to be promoted in rural areas across the country, otherwise they would be criticized for being "rightist and conservative". During the Great Leap Forward, Sichuan bought more than 40,000 new plows that were forcibly apportioned when all of them were abandoned after being used in the countryside. The result was still a pile of scrap iron. Except for occasional performances to superiors, no farmer was willing to use them.

Sichuan Province, which is eager to transport grain to the whole country, requires transportation to realize the "seven modernizations": rural transportation by car, water transportation mechanization, vehicle tape, mountainous transportation on packs and rails, ferry bridges, and transportation mechanization... Chengdu Plain The 400,000 rooster carts in China require enlarged wheels, tapes on the wheels, and marble discs on the axles, and a "three-wheeled rooster cart" with a load of one ton has also been manufactured.

After science was swept away as superstition, many bizarre and absurd "scientific inventions" appeared one after another, becoming a great spectacle in the Great Leap Forward, wasting countless human, financial and material resources, and ruining industrial and agricultural production. For example, a car pulls dozens of trailers to make "car trains", and the whole people play balls to make "mechanization" of "bearings". Henan boasted that there were 108 counties in seven regions of the province, and in 1958 "basically achieved the bearing industry in counties, districts and districts". Zhejiang vowed to put all the improved farm tools on bearings by the end of October. Beijing also held a ball bearing exhibition.

The one that is comparable to "carization of trains" is "railwayization of wooden tracks". Anren District, Dayi County, Sichuan Province was full of ambitions, and started to repair the "District Ring Line" of the wooden rail soil train. After a section was completed, the Wenjiang Prefectural Committee went to hold an on-site meeting, so places where it was convenient to cut down trees followed suit. Guang'an County, Deng Xiaoping's hometown, has a bigger appetite and has started construction of "the first county-run railway in Sichuan." A report from Xinhua News Agency said, "At present, people building roads are erecting ladders, overpasses, roadbeds, and bridges and culverts in the mountains. They use the light rails from the mine to supplement the line, and if the rails are not enough, they use wooden rails covered with iron sheets to erect double tracks."

The grave-digging movement also set off a climax. In order to level the land, transform the soil, and expand the area of cultivated land, people across the country "digged up the graves of their ancestors". Because those coffins and steles can be "used to build bridges, pave roads, build melon sheds, and repair pigpens. The stronger coffins are also good materials for making wheels." Almost all the trees and coffins were fed into the iron-making clay blast furnace and the large firewood stove in the public canteen.

All the "superstitions" of science have been wiped out, there is nothing impossible in the world, and the race to create miracles is getting higher and higher. The agricultural exhibition is full of all kinds of "kings": the tree-like rapeseed king, the cotton king, the rice king who bears a few catties of millet, the corn king with five or six bags hanging, and the forked king. The king of wheat, the king of red sweet potato like a pumpkin, the king of pumpkins carried by two people, the king of winter melons half as tall as a man, the king of loofahs as long as a pole, the king of fat pigs like a hippopotamus, the king of chickens, kings of ducks, kings of rabbits...

The Xinhua News Agency reported that a 66-year-old farmer grafted cotton onto Chinese toon trees, and "four plants have begun to sprout"; someone crossed wheat and corn to breed wheat that is grown twice a year in the local area... The popular view is that A hybrid of tomato and sweet potato will grow tomatoes on the top and sweet potato on the bottom, a hybrid of sheep and cattle will grow as big as a cow, and a hybrid of pig and elephant will grow as big as an elephant. But no one has thought about it or dared not say: Will a cow become as big as a sheep after a crossbreeding of cattle and sheep, and will an elephant become as big as a pig after crossbreeding an elephant with a pig?

"Invention and creation" climaxes one after another, and all arrows are fired at once. Nothing can keep up with the needs of "one day is equal to twenty years". Everything must be leap forward and leap forward. If the animal power is not enough, there will be a breeding leap forward.

Sichuan Daily reported that four agricultural cooperatives, including Qixing No. 1 Cooperative in Daliang Township, Guang'an County, "increased the number of live pigs from more than 600 to more than 6,000 in just ten days, and the number of pigs in Huping reached 30." A sow in Chunguang Sanshe, Jiangping Township, Hongya County gave birth to two consecutive litters within 20 days, with 8 pigs in the first litter, each weighing 8.6 catties, and 8 pigs in the second litter, weighing 2.4 catties each. It can be seen that as long as the ovulation period of sows is well grasped, the calving cycle can be greatly shortened. "This method is currently being promoted."

People's Daily reported that there were two breeding heroines in Jingquan County, Shaanxi Province. One was about 20 years old and the other was 25 years old. Looking at the breeding work, "the bright eyes are shining with pride, and sometimes they look around challengingly, as if they are inquiring, but they want to hear who dares to say anything." The men "lowered their heads in shame", The old feudalists stuck out their tongues in fright and said: "These two aunts are really brave." The author praised: "The two aunts" are more courageous than Mu Guiying, who broke the sky. Inspired by them, "Governor Zhao Shoushan of Shaanxi Province also personally recruited breeding stock for breeding."

Women in Renshou County, Sichuan Province are not easy to mess with. Seven young women led by Zhou Wenbin, the female president of the Kangle Club, organized the first "women's insemination point" in the county. Injection, medicine, "bull lure" and other methods have made all 11 Piaosha cattle estrous and mated with breeding.

Sand cows are cows, and floating sand cows are sterile cows, which are only used for labor. Pregnant sand cows are like trying to give birth to mules. However, Renshou County did not believe in this evil. Amidst the call of "transformation of Piaosha Cattle and realization of full mating county", it adopted the method of "comprehensive aphrodisiac, artificial insemination, early mating, hot nest mating, multiple mating and monthly mating. It broke the superstition that drifting sand cattle are sterile."

Yang Rudai, secretary of the Renshou County Party Committee, and Xiong Junchao, deputy county magistrate, introduced the experience of "How Renshou Realized the "Full Distribution of Farm Cattle" in Sichuan Daily. The slogan of the county party committee is: "Politics is in command, the secretary goes to the battle, engages in sports, grasps surprises, mates all year round, every month, mates as soon as you call, mates many times, artificially inseminates mates, and transforms drifting sand cattle." It will never stop, the whole mating must be fully pregnant, and strive to go to Beijing." So, "a lightning-like full mating movement of farming cattle was launched vigorously throughout the county."

Nine out of ten cows in Anyue County are Piaosha cows. In order to make Piaosha cows go into heat, 798 "aphrodisiac centers" have been set up in the county to feed "aphrodisiac drugs", give "aphrodisiac injections", and use male and female cows. Mixed grazing and other methods are used to "lure love". The county also introduced: "Because of the shortage of buffaloes, we broke the superstition and boldly used yellow bulls to mate with water cows. We have already matched 22 buffaloes."

Wu Qiankun said to He Jiafu: "During the Great Leap Forward, order after order was overwhelmingly suppressed. The will of the Holy Majesty dominates everything, the will of the high-level is amplified layer by layer, the voice of the bottom is suppressed layer by layer, and the real situation is blocked layer by layer. , cadres at all levels have reached the peak, and whoever dares not to do so and whoever dares to speak the truth will be punished and his family and friends will be punished, so that the wrong policy will go further and further, and the disastrous consequences will become more and more serious. The consequences of this will mainly be borne by the farmers."

He Jiafu said: "Mr. Wu, after hearing what you said, I thought of the current situation of epidemic prevention. It is completely cleared and unwavering. The epidemic prevention is directed by political leaders. The city, roads, houses, and gates are closed. The will of the high-level is amplified layer by layer, and the voice of the bottom layer is suppressed layer by layer. How is this different from the false operation in the Great Leap Forward?"

Wu Qiankun stood up and said: "The serious consequences caused by the Great Leap Forward are destined to be borne by the peasants. The current chaos in the epidemic prevention policy is destined to mainly bear the serious consequences caused by the common people."

Wu Qiankun added another sentence to He Jiafu: "Chinese people like to call slogans, and now no one calls the slogan 'Long Live the Great Leap Forward' anymore. Shaken' slogan. Time will tell."