Wake up（52）

 

52

 

Wu Qiankun, who is called the old fairy by the locals, is already in his early 90s. He is thin and tall, with gray temples and a few wrinkles on his forehead, but his piercing eyes seem to be able to see through the heart of this society. Although he is ninety years old, he still walks like flying, and speaks with enthusiasm and radiance. His voice is magnetic and infectious.

Wu Qiankun and He Jiafu were still talking, and what he said attracted He Jiafu.

Wu Qiankun told He Jiafu about the Great Leap Forward during the Anti-Rightist Movement:

After the establishment of the Communist Party of China, it began to industrialize by expropriating farmers, purchasing grain from farmers through unified purchase and marketing and establishing cooperatives to accumulate funds for industrial construction. In order to obtain higher grain production and purchase more grain, and then export a large amount in exchange for machinery, equipment and industrial raw materials, the rural areas of the Great Leap Forward were first of all to create a miracle of grain harvest. In order to create this "miracle", the three "high-yield measures" of deep plowing, fertilization, and dense planting in the agricultural "eight-character constitution" proposed by Lao Mao have reached an appalling level. When Lao Mao issued an order, the national "Land Turnover" movement was in full swing. The land was dug down one foot after another, and "deep plowing satellites" appeared one after another. Two feet and three feet are not uncommon, and four feet and five feet are not considered outstanding , the Yuhong Brigade of Northeast Commune, Pujiang County, Sichuan Province dug seven feet, exceeding the height of a basketball giant. Such a arduous task of deep plowing is beyond the reach of animal power and tractors, so various deep plowing tools have emerged as the times require. The so-called "rope-pulled plow" is the most widely used in Wenjiang area. Several or dozens of people pull the plow for deep plowing; The scene reminds us of slavery. The People's Daily once reported that the Wenjiang region produces rope traction machines at a rate of 1,000 units per day. The Dujiang Daily reported that the secretary of the Dayi County Party Committee personally supervised the battle, and the whole county fought hard for five or six days and nights before realizing the "mechanization of rope traction."

Wu Qiankun said to He Jiafu, I still remember the huge slogan I saw in 1958: "Ten thousand mu of fertile land, ten feet of deep plowing, high-yield satellites, distributed everywhere"; farmers stood in the deep ditch shoulder-to-ground, poured one meter How deep the dirt and gravel was shoveled from side to side, from bottom to top. "Deep plowing" means turning up the raw soil and burying the cultivated soil below, which not only wastes people and money, but also destroys the soil structure. In order to completely overturn the land that has been intensively cultivated for thousands of years in Bazi, West Sichuan, in the Chengdu Plain, the Wenjiang area has stipulated that the "topsoil" and "raw soil" should be turned over, and the raw soil should be built into hollow mounds and burned with firewood to "smoke the soil". Sprinkle manure water on the soil, and then apply slag fertilizer, compost and other "deep plowing" operations on it. The "deep plowing satellites" were put on a spectacular display. Deep pits like trenches were dug everywhere on the deeply plowed land, rows of earth ridges like earth walls were piled up, and smoked earth kilns like bunkers were built. For a time, the Chengdu plain was covered with dense mounds of smoked earth like cemeteries, and the hills and mountainous areas were even more "slopes on slopes, and mountains on mountains". The firewood has caused devastating ecological damage!

Wu Qiankun recalled: At that time, the Ministry of Agriculture issued an urgent notice to accumulate manure, and the People's Daily editorial called for "be energetic and accumulate a lot of manure", and the provinces, prefectures, cities, and counties also issued astronomical planning indicators. Livestock dung, human dung, not a single drop, weeds are shoveled and composted, the ditch mud and pond mud of various rivers and ponds have been picked up, rice stalks, wheat stalks, corn sorghum stalks are burned to grass ash...the graves where the dead are buried are Fertilizer, the old earthen walls are fertilizer, and a layer of "thousand-foot mud" should be blown up as fertilizer on the paths, courtyard dams, and the ground where people often walk around inside and outside the house.

The People's Daily told the people that after long-term exposure to wind, sun, and rain, a lot of hoarfrost like alkali is often found on the roots of the walls in rural areas. Two or three times; the plant protein in the firewood burned for cooking every day releases nitrogen after burning, which is absorbed by the stove soil, so the stove soil is also a good fertilizer. So they were digging walls and smashing stoves everywhere. In the Wenjiang area, thousands of soil and chemical fertilizer factories were set up overnight, and they dug old walls whenever they saw them. Soil experts only need a shovel, a sieve, and an iron pot to produce various "high-efficiency fertilizers".

Sichuan Daily reported that Xinfan used 400,000 catties of old wall mud, 50,000 catties of compost, and hundreds of picks of human excrement, water excrement, plant ash, chicken and duck manure on a one-acre two-fen "satellite field". Some experimental fields even "apply 1.7 million catties of ballast fertilizer per mu", which is equivalent to 1.28 tons of fertilizer per square meter.

Lao Mao's word "dense" - dense planting, has been enlarged layer by layer at all levels, and it has also become a gust of wind, blowing all over the country. In many places, the county stipulates the distance between rows and plants for dense planting, which is implemented by the commune to each production team. Any seedlings or seeds that have not been planted according to this instruction, no matter how large the area, must be pulled out and replanted. Not only did they go back to work, but they were also subject to political punishment, pulled out as "white flags", criticized as "right-leaning conservatives", and even lost their lives and their families were destroyed. A village party secretary who is very popular with farmers in North China and a veteran cadre who came over during the war years. In 1958, his superiors asked to use three-legged columbine to increase the planting density. "White Flag", stood on the bench and struggled, was kicked down and knocked to the ground.

Wu Qiankun said with a smile, I can still recite a "Leap forward poem" that was circulated back then:

 

The corn and rice are dense and thick,

Covered and airtight,

It's the satellite falling down.

Also bounce back into the air.

 

Wu Qiankun sighed: Yingjing County, Sichuan Province instructed the county middle school students to select an acre of experimental field on the river beach, plow five or six feet deep, turn up river sand and pebbles, dig a big deep pit, backfill and then apply 200 dan of fertilizer, and then press close planting More than 100 catties of seeds were required to be sown densely. As a result, the seedlings that grew were as thin as cow hair and withered day by day, so they had to be cut off and used as cattle feed. In the densely planted rapeseed fields in Hongguang Commune, Pixian County, some rapeseeds dried up before they bloomed, and there were no flowers or fruits. Some flowers had no horns or granules after blooming. Mold grows after black, and then all dry. Some hundreds of catties of seeds are sown per mu of land. Due to the excessively dense planting, the airtightness between the seedlings and the sunlight cannot enter, so the crops cannot grow up, and they will fall down when they grow up. The Shou’an Commune in Pujiang County suffered a lot from dense planting last year. The five party secretaries studied and studied, and the consequences of further large-scale dense planting were unimaginable, but they dared not tell the county. The deputy director of the committee office made accommodations to the prefectural committee. The leader of the prefectural committee replied no, saying that it was stipulated by the Party Central Committee, and the "close planting" came from the highest instruction of Lao Mao, and it must be implemented, and no one dared to object.

Wu Qiankun glanced at He Jiafu, but the introverted He Jiafu didn't say a word.

Wu Qiankun said thoughtfully: The agricultural "eight-character constitution" proposed by Lao Mao did not gradually loosen until he had paid enough tuition fees and suffered enough, and finally Lao Mao himself came out and said "don't be too dense". I would think of the current policy on the prevention and control of the new crown epidemic, which is also a nonsense. One day, the person who claims to direct and lead himself will taste the pain himself.