Wake up（34）

 

 34

 

Time flies like water, and time has entered 2020 in a blink of an eye. The anti-rightist movement in 1957 is already a story half a century ago. When Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu recalled this past, they still felt very confused. At first, it was always believed that the expansion of the anti-rightist movement was a crime committed by Lao Mao, but later, from various information circulated, it was discovered that the instigator was someone else.

Some people are destined to become the past; some things are destined to become memories; some things are destined to happen so many times, and some truths are destined to remain only one.

Memories are like an old song on an old gramophone, dusty and scarred. Babbling, babbling, babbling, it seems to talk about the desolation of the fragmented and broken life, and it seems to read the vicissitudes of the endless years.

History begins to hold people accountable: who was directly responsible for the expansion of the anti-rightist movement in 1957?

In 1980, Deng Xiaoping said at a cadre meeting: There is nothing wrong with anti-rightism, it is necessary. Deng Xiaoping's attitude is obviously contrary to today's rightist scholars' criticism of Lao Mao's anti-rightist criticism. People who are not familiar with history often think that Deng Xiaoping always opposed Mao Zedong's anti-rightist campaign and the Cultural Revolution. In some literary works and propaganda, Deng Xiaoping was portrayed as an enlightened and progressive leader. However, history is such a paradox. The "enlightened" Deng Xiaoping was the leader of the anti-rightist movement. In 1957, he was the director of the Central Anti-rightist Office, and he was the specific implementer of the anti-rightist movement.

In July 1952, Deng Xiaoping transferred to the central government.

In 1953, Deng Xiaoping reported "Gao Gang's anti-party activities".

In February 1954, Liu Shaoqi presided over the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and characterized the "Gao Gang and Rao Shushi Anti-Party Group".

In April 1955, Deng Xiaoping was co-elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In September 1956, Deng Xiaoping was elected as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong retired to the second line. From then on, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping took charge of the daily work of the party and the country.

In 1957, Deng Xiaoping served as the leader of the Anti-Rightist Leading Group of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and specifically deployed anti-rightist forces. Mao Zedong estimated that there were 5,000 rightists in the country. Under Deng Xiaoping's leadership, 550,000 were arrested, more than 100 times more than Mao Zedong's estimate.

In 1958, Deng Xiaoping served as the leader of the "anti-dogmatic leading group" in the army, Liu Bocheng and Su Yu were punished.

In 1959, at the Lushan Conference, Peng Dehuai was punished.

Chai Jianhua told He Jiafu, pay attention to this time relationship: After Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping presided over the front-line work in 1956, the four military commanders of the four major field armies were reduced to three within three years, an average of one per year. Except for Lin Biao, who was spared due to illness, none of the three famous generals and marshals who were "doing things" at that time ran away. And all these military commanders are directly related to Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. Including the Gao Gang incident in 1953, Gao Gang opposed Liu Shaoqi, and Deng Xiaoping reported on Gao Gang, who was directly related to Liu Deng. Gao Gang was also a military commander and had a close relationship with Peng Dehuai.

Why did the central government never have so many incidents before Deng Xiaoping entered the central government? There was never an "anti-party group"? As soon as Deng Xiaoping entered the central government, accidents happened one after another: Deng Xiaoping entered the central government in 1952, Gao Gang was denounced in 1953, and Gao Gang was overthrown in 1954. In 1956, Deng Xiaoping became the general secretary and presided over the front-line work, and in 1957 Deng Xiaoping presided over the anti-rightist movement. In 1958, Deng Xiaoping presided over the army's "anti-dogmatism" and overthrew Liu Bocheng and Su Yu. Liu Shaoqi overthrew Peng Dehuai in 1959 - was this accidental?

It turns out that when the anti-rightist movement started, Deng Xiaoping was the hottest celebrity at the time, serving as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the general secretary of the Secretariat. He and Peng Zhen, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, secretary of politics and law, first secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and mayor of Beijing, served as the chairman and deputy leader of the Anti-Rightist Leading Group of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Deng and Peng spared no effort at that time, actively participated in the planning and specific leadership, implemented the anti-rightist movement and incidentally attacked dissidents.

In Deng Xiaoping's "Report on the Rectification Movement" made at the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 23, 1957, he said that the anti-rightist movement can be divided into the stage of "speaking loudly" and the stage of countering the rightists, focusing on rectification (ie Anti-Rightist make-up lessons) and research files, criticism and reflection, self-improvement stage.

The stage of "speaking loudly and letting go" began on April 27, when the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Rectification," and ended on June 8, when Deng Xiaoping decided to counter the "rampant attack" of rightists across the country.

On April 10, 1957, "People's Daily" published an editorial: "Continue to let go, implement the policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend."

On the evening of April 11, Deng Xiaoping talked with Lu Dingyi, Chen Boda, and Kang Sheng. Deng Xiaoping said: "I am in favor of letting go, let it go as far as possible, so that all classes can show their performance. If you don't let it go, how can you debate? Let it go for half a year, if it's not enough, let it go for a year. Leftists must be prepared." Hu Qiaomu, alternate secretary and deputy head of the Central Propaganda Department, wrote the People's Daily editorial "Why Rectification? "The article fanned the flames.

On May 4, in the name of the Central Secretariat, Deng Xiaoping issued an instruction "On the Reorganization of Non-Party Personnel to Criticize the Mistakes and Shortcomings of the Party and Government", aiming to set a trap for "leading snakes out of their holes". On the 1st, the instruction "On Seizing the Time to Continue the Rectification Movement" was issued. At this time Deng Xiaoping had already started planning to close the net.

On June 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare to Counter the Attacks of Rightists". On June 17, Deng Xiaoping made a report on "How to Lead the Anti-Rightist Struggle of the Current Rectification Movement" as the commander-in-chief; then Deng Xiaoping personally made a report at the meeting of secretaries of the CPC provincial and municipal committees held in Qingdao to deploy the nationwide anti-rightist movement . The Secretariat of the Central Committee led by Deng Xiaoping is the base camp for framing the rightists, and Deng Xiaoping is the commander-in-chief of this base camp.

On September 2, 1957, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document entitled "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Seriously Dealing with the Issue of Rightists in the Party". Together with the former non-Party people, there are more than 5,000 people in total. This was an estimate of the anti-rightist movement at that time. However, under Deng’s inference and digging efforts, the anti-rightist movement finally reported 550,000 people to Mao Zedong, which greatly exceeded the 5,000 people estimated by Mao Zedong and the Central Committee, which was a hundred times!!

Deng Xiaoping, the general secretary of the secretariat who just came to power after the "Eighth National Congress", was eager to make achievements. During the anti-rightist movement, those who made specific arrangements, formulated standards, and stipulated detailed rules for implementation can be called conscientious! Of course, there are also national Chairman Liu Shaoqi's credit.

At the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping made the "Report on the Work of the Rectification Movement" on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, vigorously criticizing the "warmth" in the party with an ultra-left face, and reprimanded: "There are still some comrades who are fighting against the rightists in the party. In it, they showed more serious sentimentalism, especially for some old party members who should be classified as rightists, they feel more sorry, soft-hearted, and unable to take action. This complex must be overcome.” Even in 1957, during the "anti-rightist remedial classes", Deng Xiaoping repeatedly warned that there was a right-leaning conservative danger of "tolerating traitors and nourishing carbuncles".

Throughout the entire process of the anti-rightist movement, Deng Xiaoping personally commanded and deployed the anti-rightist campaign, and all policies and conspiracies of the anti-rightist movement were produced and implemented through Deng Xiaoping's command center. Zhao Ziyang recalled that Deng Xiaoping said when he went to Guangdong to give a rectification report: If you want to "play a long line to catch big fish", that is to say hello and prepare to fight the rightists.

According to the records of Mr. Du Guang in the article "The Rectification and Anti-Rightist Movement of the Central Advanced Party School": On August 23, 1957, Deng Xiaoping personally presided over the rectification of the three units of the state organ party committee, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the Advanced Party School, and supervised the anti-rightist movement. Designate Xiao Lu and others as rightists, and criticize the "rightist" ideology of the senior party school in the leadership work of rectification and anti-rightism. Deng Xiaoping sternly reprimanded: "Xiao Lu's question, when you first submitted his materials, the central government approved him to be classified as a rightist. Why are you still hesitating?" "If such a person is not classified as a rightist, the party will There are no rightists in the country." "If such a person is not brought out, he will not know how to be a Communist Party member."

This historical fact once again confirms that the person directly responsible for the expansion of anti-rightist movement is Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping made a "great contribution" to this eternal injustice case that was directly led by the Secretariat to frame citizens and violate their basic human rights, resulting in the destruction, shock, and deportation of millions of intellectuals to labor camps.

Chai Jianhua told He Jiafu that a patient who was classified as a rightist recently told himself:

According to statistics, there were about 5 million intellectuals in the country at that time. According to Premier Zhou Enlai's report in 1956, among the intellectuals who were educated in junior high school at that time, as many as 550,000 people were classified as "rightists" during the anti-rightist movement, and the specific number was 552,877. It was equivalent to more than 10% of the total number of intellectuals at that time. At the end of the 1970s, except for less than 100 people who did not make corrections, the others were all misclassified and need to be corrected. It can be seen that almost 99.99% of them are misclassifications. Moreover, the dozens of people who have not been corrected are not corrected because of some political reasons or other reasons. What is "expansion" here? If we analyze the "anti-rightist" movement as "expansion", then the meaning of the word "expansion" must be defined separately!

No matter who is wrong, you should admit it directly, and correct it when you know it. What's wrong with it? It can be considered that the anti-rightist struggle hurts those who seek truth from facts and dare to speak the truth, and what suffers is the construction of the country and the development of society. Can this lesson be repeated?

Memories are a frame of photos, an old photo with yellowing and fading. Staring silently, youth is no longer, beauty is no longer, the past is old. There were tears falling, but there was nothing to say, and Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu fell silent.

There is no such thing as a beautiful legend about the expansion of anti-rightists. It is always archived in the cruel reality. The rapid and shocking anti-rightist drumbeats, the rampant and crazy devil's laughter, the terrified rightist figures, and the numb and demented eyes of prisoners, Society is being alienated. The black-and-white world is reversed, the former humanity is no longer there, and the flood of tears still makes many people and families feel uneasy. The memories have become pale, but bloody.