Wake up（22）

 

22

 

  Old Pantou, he is already a 75-year-old man. But when it came to the land reform, he was full of energy. Especially when it came to the distribution of the land reform fruits, he smiled and said to Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu: "After fighting the landlords, it's time to divide the land, the houses, and the property."

The outline of the land law requires that the land be divided equally, but in practice, it is not that simple. As far as the land is concerned, there are paddy fields, dry fields, slopes, and gardens. Some are fertile, some are barren, some are convenient, and some are remote. If you divide it carefully, it can be said that there is a big difference. As far as the distribution objects are concerned, it needs to be considered whether to distribute according to the population or according to the labor force. In addition, after the land is divided, whether there is the condition and ability to cultivate it is also a problem. The housing situation is similar, because it is impossible for poor and farm laborers with the same population to be allocated exactly the same housing. As for the distribution of property, including livestock, agricultural tools, clothing, and food, it is even more difficult to achieve fairness, rationality, equality, and order. If the human factor is considered again, it will be even more difficult to handle.

On December 5, 1947, the second edition of "Jin Sui Daily" published an article, "Introduction to the Distribution Method of Bi Village". The article said that the village started distribution in early October, and summed up several distribution methods. The first is to "discount the fruits, and according to the degree of poverty, the peasant association will decide the amount that each household should share, and the individual will choose." Specifically, the property is first discounted by rice, and then the poor peasants are divided into ten classes. , it is stipulated that each level can be divided into several buckets and several liters, and the order of the same level should be determined according to the degree of poverty, and finally let individuals choose the property they need. The second is "As needed". This method is to first let the poor peasants declare what they need, then carry out investigation and registration, and finally the "distribution committee is responsible for matching according to each person's needs", and firstly meet the needs of the poorest. The third is "estimating collocation". This method also requires individuals to declare what they need first, and then it is reviewed by the General Assembly. "The allocation committee will estimate and match according to the degree of poverty and the size of the population."

On December 12, the fourth page of the newspaper published an article signed by Sun Dake, titled "The "Department Store" That Refunds the Loot and Repays the Debt—Introduction to Kou Zhuang's Distribution of Clothes and Furniture According to Self-Choosing". This article vividly describes the real scene and the whole process of distributing the "achievements" of the land reform at that time. It is not only a literary talent, but also a rare historical material. the

At that time, Kouzhuang in Shuo County was easy to distribute the fruits of struggle, such as land, grain, cloth, livestock, etc., but clothes and furniture were difficult to separate. , Distributing the fruits to the field, becoming a "department store" where farmers take back their blood and sweat and landlords return their stolen goods. As a result, the peasants got what they were satisfied with, and the care for the poor and farm laborers was more clear and thorough.

On the day of distributing clothes, it was in the temple. More than 200 pieces of clothes were hung in piles of leather jackets, leather trousers, and coarse blue cloth that the peasants loved most. I don’t know the name, and the red silk and green satin that I have never seen before are dazzling, and there are other fox furs, squirrels, felt blankets, cloaks, velvet hats and leather shoes, etc., hanging in piles by ropes. However, some of them were rotted because they had been buried in the ground for a long time, giving off a rotten smell with wounds. Each piece of clothing is marked with a piece of paper to mark the evaluation of debt repayment. The cadres divide the work, who will take care of the pile and who will take care of the rope.

In order to facilitate storage, the furniture distribution site is located in a landlord's yard that has been swept out. It is full of everything and is bustling. In the northwest corner, there are plows, hoes, rakes, rakes and other agricultural tools that the poor and hired peasants are vying to pick first, and four "fan carts", followed by a row of piles of salt, koji, vinegar, sauce, and whole boxes of Matches hookah. In the southwest corner are innumerable large and small bronze and iron wares, new and broken. There are "flag seat" palace lanterns in the landlord's home for congratulatory celebrations, and there are also "string pots", copper ladles, Shovels, bucket hoops, etc., each of which is ten or twenty pieces, four pairs of iron lanterns lost in the temple for many years, half a set of gongs and drums furniture, etc., are all placed there. The most dazzling ones are the thirty-odd foreign chests, sandalwood tables and chairs, gold lacquer cabinets, and a large pile of carved door and window partitions on the northeast corner. The arrears were carried away by the landlord. Next to it are dozens of fine porcelain furniture, clocks, hanging screens, full-length mirrors, and extravagant "treasures" such as jade pen holders, agate bottles, ivory rulers, and jade belt hooks. In the other corner are more than a hundred large altars and urns dug out of the ground, hiding food, oil and vinegar, and two piles of harmful writing paper, calligraphy and painting hanging paintings, happy couplets, etc. It is full of three houses.

The furniture in this courtyard is broken and broken, and all of them are pasted with pieces of paper, indicating the amount of the debt. The cadres are divided into responsibilities, and each is in charge of one. The "customer" helps in the selection, checks and settles accounts.

Lao Pantou said to Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu: "At that time, there was a rule that whoever was the poorest should choose first."

According to the composition delineated by the masses in advance, and then discussed by the masses, they are divided into grades, from poor peasants to middle peasants. Each person gets a real number of fruits. In the same level, according to the three generations, the degree of exploitation and the degree of poverty determine the priority. Whoever is the poorest will be selected first. During the allocation, amidst the cheers of gongs and drums, people are invited into the arena to choose according to the list of levels determined. Whoever is invited in first will like it more and be envied by everyone.

Old Pan looked a little proud:

At that time, Ugly was classified as a first-class poor peasant. His father had just died of starvation, and there were only three people left in the family. This time the clothes and fruits were distributed, worth twenty-seven yuan. He reached out and picked out the best sheepskin jacket and a pair of cotton trousers, and then picked up a gray coat of foreign cloth, a pair of trousers, a leather hat, a pair of leather shoes, a felt collar, a mattress, and five feet of white cloth. . He also turned around and hung fifty catties of salt and three packs of hookah. In fact, the things he needs are pots, kang mats, shovels, water pots, stoves, shovels... But what he gets is "saucer bowls, tea trays, teapots" and three pieces of koji. Tea and drinking are not what the "first-class poor peasants" need. The first-class poor peasants were not given what they needed, but what they didn't need was given.

Due to the division of classes such as status, especially in the same class, who is the first and who is the last, and the order of distribution is determined by the masses. Everyone is compared with the third generation, poorer, and more exploited than anyone else. Therefore, who is in the Everyone pays attention to who is in the front, and discusses with each other. In the middle of the selection, everyone pays more attention. What else is there in the field? Who picked that one up? It's almost my turn! What should I choose? After choosing by myself, also pay attention to who will choose what?

During the selection, many families of men, women and children entered the arena, just like going to the market, five members of the Wang family held a family meeting in the arena. It's easy to go out in winter for childbirth, but Wang Po has taken a fancy to the cotton-padded quilt covered in red foreign cloth, because the whole family of five has not covered it for more than ten years. After arguing for a while, Wang Po's opinion won.

After breakfast, there was only a short break at noon to sort out the furniture until the sun was about to set. The yard was still crowded with dark people, with drums and drums, and cheers, which was more prosperous than singing a big show.

Old Pantou said: During the land reform, I was allocated urgently needed things like pots, kang mats, and shovels, and I was advised to pick a "big ocean box". What makes me particularly happy is that I was also allocated land and a house. The house I live in was originally owned by the landlord.

Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu glanced at the house, feeling that the house was actually very dilapidated.

Old Pantou suddenly said to them in a low voice: "In the land reform, in addition to the distribution of land, housing, and belongings, there is also the distribution of wives."

Old Pan took a peek at the back room and said, "My son Tianliang's wife is the landlord's daughter-in-law who was assigned during the land reform."

Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu were dumbfounded.

Old Pantou said: "During the land reform, the wives and daughters of the struggle targets were given to the poor and farm laborers as the fruit of the struggle. Needless to say, those who fought to the death, even those who did not fight to the death, were also given. A poor and hired farmer. The poor and hired farmer still looked down on her, and after more than two years, he quit. The head of the poor peasants also assigned a woman in her forties. The husband of this woman went to Inner Mongolia during the land reform. Later, when the man came back from Inner Mongolia, he didn't dare to enter the village, so he lived in a village on the other side of the river. After passing on news, he finally picked up his wife secretly. The couple had a daughter, and this daughter was assigned to my son. Yes. This girl is not bad, and my son and I can get along together."

The more Mr. Pan said, the happier he was: "This land reform has really turned the poor people upside down. They have food, clothing and useful things. Whoever is poor will pick first. The things are good and the prices are cheap. Not only the housing, land and property are distributed. , can still divide wives. How can I not thank the Communist Party!"

That night, Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu stayed up all night, and they discussed secretly and left here quickly. They are afraid to live in terror.

Early the next morning, Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu formally bid farewell to Lao Pantou, using the excuse that Chai Jianhua's mother was seriously ill.

Lao Pan felt that he had regained his health, so he did not force him to stay. He asked his son to pick out a Chinese-style long gown from the "big foreign box" and give it to Chai Jianhua: "Doctor, this long gown is very suitable for your status."

Lao Pantou took out a Chinese tunic suit and gray trousers from the box and handed them to He Jiafu: "These trousers will be given to you."

Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu quickly declined. But Lao Pantou smiled and said: "You have cured my disease. I don't have any gifts to thank. These clothes were given to me during the land reform. They belonged to my daughter-in-law's father. I never wear this gown, and neither does my son. I'm not used to wearing a Chinese tunic suit."

Old Pan raised his hand to bring his wife over, and said to her, "Are your shoes ready?"

The daughter-in-law replied: "It's ready, I'll get it right away."

After a while, the daughter-in-law brought two new pairs of cloth shoes. It turned out that this was specially handcrafted for Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu according to Lao Pantou's instructions in advance, and it was the wife's handicraft.

Before Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu left, Lao Pantou's son handed them a red envelope, which was the fee for their diagnosis and treatment.