Wake up（17）

 

17

 

    Early in the morning, the cicadas yelled loudly, telling people that another hot day has begun. Chai Jianhua, a 96-year-old Chinese doctor, took Nanyang Sheng to the pharmacy in the town. Nan Yangsheng met his younger sister Nan Liwa who was working in a pharmacy. It was an ordinary thing. But at this time, the old Chinese doctor was in a state of confusion, he was already an old man, should he tell them the life experiences of Nan Yangsheng and Nan Liwa? He has been hiding it for more than twenty years.

    After passing through the beauty of spring, we ushered in the prosperity of summer. But the midsummer sun is really dipped in pepper water, and there is no shade on the open town streets. The sky is so blue, the sun is so strong, the sky and the earth are in a dazzling light.

    On the way home, Nanyangsheng was in a good mood, feeling the colorfulness and splendor of summer. This summer is really beautiful. It inherits the vitality of spring, contains the maturity of autumn, and shows the spirit of summer.

    Under the bright summer sky, the lotus leaves in the pond look like colorful sails on the blue waves from a distance, which is really beautiful. The weather is fine, and occasionally there is a breeze blowing on the face, bringing bursts of coolness.

    Chai Jianhua and Nan Yangsheng returned home. But Chai Jianhua was restless. As soon as he walked to the window, he looked at the starry sky on a summer night, but he couldn't find the evening breeze and the slightest coolness. He lay in bed, but couldn't sleep. Finally, he dragged an old wooden box from under the bed.

    Some old newspapers and magazines, and some medical-related books are stored in the old wooden box.

    Chai Jianhua collected a copy of "People's Daily" in September 1949, and "People's Daily" published an editorial "Old China has perished, and new China is born". The editorial reported that the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference announced the eternal demise of the old China and the great birth of the new China. The Chinese people stood up under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and became the masters of their own country. On October 1, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established. In the same month, the Soviet government established diplomatic relations with New China. The founding of New China is a milestone in the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation since modern times, and the development and progress of the Chinese nation has since opened a new era.

   On January 6, 1949, the Beijing Municipal Military Control Commission issued a notice announcing the recovery of foreign barracks real estate in Beijing and the requisition of barracks and other buildings. Tianjin, Shanghai and other places also successively took back and expropriated real estate of foreign barracks. The right of imperialist countries to station troops in mainland China was completely abolished.

   In the early 1950s, the CCP launched the "Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary Movement". The "Suppressing Rebellion Movement", "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea" and "Land Reform" are one of the three major movements carried out simultaneously after the establishment of the Communist Party of China. Suppressing the counter-revolutionary movement is to wipe out the remnants of the counter-revolutionary forces left by the Kuomintang on the mainland, and eliminate the reactionary organizations such as spies, underground troops, and sects that were rampant for a while, so as to consolidate the new regime and ensure the smooth progress of land reform and economic recovery.

   In March 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Severely Suppressing the Activities of Counter-Revolutionaries", which officially started the "suppression of counter-revolutionary movements".

   On October 8, 1950, China officially announced that it would send troops into the Korean peninsula, starting the "Resist U.S. Aid Korea" war. Mao Zedong believed that the time had come to vigorously carry out the "suppressing counter-revolutionary campaign". He said to Luo Ruiqing, Minister of Public Security: "Don't waste this opportunity. I am afraid that the suppression of counter-revolutionaries is only this time, and there will be no more in the future. It is a once-in-a-lifetime time. You must make good use of this capital." On October 10, under the chairmanship of Mao Zedong, the CCP The Central Committee also issued the "Instructions on Correcting the Right Deviation in the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary Activities", criticizing the right deviation in the suppression of counter-revolutionary activities, and demanding more efforts to suppress counter-revolutionaries to prevent fish that slipped through the net.

   Liu Shaoqi, the leader of the Communist Party of China, also admitted later: "Resisting U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is very beneficial. It makes many things easier for us (such as carrying out land reform, signing patriotic conventions, engaging in production competition, suppressing counter-revolutionaries, etc.). Because the gongs and drums of Resisting U.S. Aid Korea sounded very loud If the gongs and drums of the land reform and the suppression of counter-revolutionaries were not so loud, it would be easy to carry out. If the gongs and drums of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea were not so loud, then the gongs and drums of the land reform (and the suppression of counter-revolutionaries) would be a disaster. If a landlord is killed here, there will be a lot of trouble. Hit one, make trouble everywhere...a lot of things are hard to handle."

   By January 1951, the Chinese Volunteers were progressing smoothly on the Korean battlefield, and Mao Zedong became more confident. He instructed all localities to "massively kill a few batches", and especially issued specific instructions on killings in big cities, saying: "Except for the Northeast, the work of suppressing counter-revolutionaries in major cities has not yet been seriously and severely punished." It should be implemented on a large scale. This should be done from now on, and it cannot be later. These cities are mainly Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hankou, Chongqing and the provincial capitals of various provinces. Arrange reconnaissance and arrests in a planned manner. Within a few months, several groups of counter-revolutionaries with serious crimes will be killed."

   Mao Zedong also issued specific killing targets for some places. On January 21, 1951, Mao Zedong said in a telegram to the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee: "In a big city like Shanghai, I am afraid that one or two thousand people will need to be executed within one year to solve the problem.... Nanjing, please East China The bureau instructed the municipal party committee of the city to make good arrangements for investigation and interrogation, and strive to execute one or two hundred of the most important reactionaries in the spring."

   The next day, January 22, Mao Zedong said to the person in charge of the Guangdong Province of the South China Branch of the CCP: "You have killed more than 3,700 people, which is very good. Kill another 3,000 to 4,000 people. . . . Thousands of people are the target."

   In February of this year, under the suggestion of Mao Zedong, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting to discuss the issue of the proportion of homicides, "decided to kill half of the population at the rate of one thousandth of the population, and then make a decision according to the situation." China's population at that time was 550 million, and half of one thousandth was 275,000 people.

   Mao Zedong said to the responsible persons of Shanghai and Nanjing: "Shanghai is a big city with a population of 6 million. According to the fact that Shanghai has arrested more than 20,000 people and only killed more than 200 people, I think that at least the most serious crimes should be killed in 1951." There are about 3,000 bandit leaders, habitual bandits, bullies, secret agents, and gang leaders. In the first half of the year, at least 1,500 people should be killed.... In Nanjing, according to a telegram from Comrade Ke Qingshi to Comrade Rao Shushi on February 3, the 72 people were killed, and another 150 people were planned to be killed. This number seems too small. Nanjing is a large city with a population of 500,000 and the capital of the Kuomintang. It seems that there are more than 200 reactionaries who should be killed.” Nanjing kills more."

   On February 17, under the personal command of the Minister of Public Security Luo Ruiqing, 675 people were arrested in one night in Beijing, and 58 people were publicly executed the next day. Another 1,050 people were arrested on the night of March 7, and 199 were executed on March 25. In March, Tianjin City submitted a plan to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, planning to execute another 1,500 people on the basis of the already executed 150 people. Mao Zedong was overjoyed and immediately instructed all localities to follow suit. The Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, which originally did not want to kill more people, had no choice but to intensify its efforts, expressing to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that it would arrest 10,000 people and execute 3,000 of them, on top of the 1,068 arrests and more than 100 executions already done. First "kill two thousand and then decide according to the situation." Since then, Shanghai has intensified its efforts to suppress counter-revolutionaries, and on April 27, 1951 alone, 8,359 people were arrested. Groups of people were executed every few days. For example, 285 people were executed on April 30; 284 people were executed on June 15. By early November, about 2,000 people had been executed in Shanghai.

   In order to implement the killing target, Mao Zedong also instructed to decentralize the authority to approve killings. On February 5, 1951, the Northwest Bureau of the Communist Party of China reported that "in the implementation of the counter-revolutionary plan, stability must be sought, and the approval of killing must be at the provincial level." However, Mao Zedong instructed: "Those who are sentenced to death must be executed with the approval of the special agency." In fact, the authority to approve killings was further delegated later.

   Although Mao Zedong also said that "do not arrest and kill wrongly", he obviously paid more attention to completing the killing target. For this reason, he even approved some places to kill people exceeding the quota. Fearing that they would not be able to keep up with the pace of the central government, some places scrambled to kill each other. The Liuzhou Special Region in Guangxi requires killing 5% of the population, and the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee requires killing 3% of the population. According to the statistics of the Guangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Public Security Bureau at that time, about 30% of those executed were those who could be killed or not.

   In December 1950, Liu Shaoqi, the leader of the Communist Party of China, gave instructions at a meeting of senior cadres: "If every murder must be reported, too much publicity in the newspapers about the killing may have side effects, such as making some people doubt us' Killing too many', 'acting too far', etc." But on March 30, 1951, Mao Zedong revised this instruction. He said: "In many places, people are timid and afraid to kill counter-revolutionaries with great fanfare. This situation must be changed immediately." As a result, large-scale public trials were held in various places, and sentences were pronounced on the spot, and then pressed to the execution ground to be executed. The Chinese media also reported it vigorously.

   According to the figures released by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the end of May 1951, 1.5 million people had been arrested and 500,000 people had been killed, which basically reached Mao Zedong's goal of killing one-thousandth of the country's population. As a result, Mao Zedong ordered a comprehensive contraction, and the right to approve killings was withdrawn to the provincial and autonomous region levels. But the killing didn't stop under the action of inertia. From May 1951 to the end of the anti-revolutionary movement in the autumn of 1953, another 200,000 people were killed.

   During the anti-revolutionary period, the CCP once set a goal of killing one-thousandth of the population. In fact, the final kill count exceeded that ratio. According to the CCP's own statistics, it is estimated that there were more than 2 million counter-revolutionaries during the anti-revolutionary period, and the anti-revolutionary movement killed, imprisoned (labor reform), and controlled (mass control) about 3 million counter-revolutionaries of various types. In a report in January 1954, Xu Zirong, then Vice Minister of the Ministry of Public Security of China, stated that a total of 2.62 million people were arrested, of which 712,000 were killed, which was 1.31 per thousand of the country's population; 1.29 million people were sentenced to labor reform; Controlled 1.2 million people; education released 380,000 people. According to this statement, the "suppressing counter-revolutionary" killings exceeded the original target of one-thousandth of the population, greatly exceeding the task. However, it is likely that far more than this number were actually executed. Some people estimate that the number of people actually executed in the anti-revolutionary movement is between 1 million and 2 million people, or even more.

   Suppressing rebellion is not only about killing potential enemies, but also strengthening the state power so that those people don't even dare to have the heart to engage in any rebellion. It completely destroyed the will to resist of all rebels, or potential opponents. It can be said that the whole country is silent, everyone is silent, and everyone is afraid that they will become counter-revolutionaries.

   This sense of fear is also deeply rooted in the bones of Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu.

   During the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu opposed the Chinese beating the Chinese, so they secretly escaped from the Kuomintang army field hospital, dragged their bodies wounded by the Japanese army, and began to wander around. Although Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu joined the national army when they were drafted, the only war they participated in was killing Japanese devils. My parents were all wounded while beating devils, and were sent to the field hospitals of the national army one after another.

When the civil war broke out, they opposed the Chinese fighting the Chinese. For this reason, Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu stole some small medical equipment and commonly used medicines from field hospitals. By practicing medicine, I earn some living expenses for two people.

    New China has been established, and the people are the masters of the country. Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu hope to live a new life of peace and health. But a massive movement to suppress counter-revolutionaries has come. The purpose of suppressing counter-revolutionaries is to wipe out the remnants of the counter-revolutionary forces left by the Kuomintang on the mainland and eliminate the spies who had been rampant for a while. Many veterans who had served in the national army were hunted down.

Chai Jianhua and He Jiafu were terrified by this, so they could only hide this history, wandering away from home and wandering around the world.