Anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty

 

Anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty

 

What is history? Almost no one can answer this question correctly. Because history likes to joke, it is some fabricated novels that cover up the truth, and it is also a combination of myths. Those who clamor for Chinese civilization cannot prove the real existence of Yanhuang with facts, and they are also unable to prove where the capital of Xia Dynasty is and what happened to the Yu tribe that preceded Xia Dynasty. People who say that China is one of the four ancient civilizations cover up the glory of the ancient countries of the world that existed at the same time. How many Chinese people know about the history of ancient Babylon, ancient India, ancient Greece, and ancient Egypt that are one or two thousand years earlier than China? On the contrary, the history of men wearing long braids and women binding their feet is rarely investigated. The Mongols swept across Europe and Asia, and also destroyed the Song Dynasty ruled by the Han people. The Yuan Dynasty established was only a part of Southern Mongolia under the Mongols, but this puppet regime was regarded as part of the history of Chinese dynasties and became the history of Chinese civilization. During this glorious period, no one could explain clearly why the Han people became the lower class.

The wise man Agu Demba, A Zhuo, Chu Sanxing and others met with the Burmese musician Dorje and his Mongolian dance team of the Naypyidaw Song and Dance Troupe on a meadow on the bank of the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar. Two temporary yurts were set up on the meadow, where he met his friends.

The enthusiastic and knowledgeable Dorji told Agudenba, Azhuo, Chu Sanxing, Dawa, Xiang Qima, and his daughter Yadan a lot of folk customs and historical stories about the Mongols.

Dorji said to Agudengba: Mr. Agudengba, the powerful Mongols occupied China and Burma, but I don’t understand how the Yuan Dynasty was defeated by the Han again and established the Ming Dynasty? You are a wise man, and I hope you can help us become wise and understand the truth of this history.

So, the lecture on the meadow started again, and the speaker was Agudengba.

Agudengba began to tell the story of Nurhachi's unification of the Jurchen people and the establishment of the Later Jin regime. After Nurhachi's death, his successor Huang Taiji incorporated the Han and Mongolian people of Houjin into the Eight Banners system, creating the Han Army and the Eight Mongolian Banners. And changed the clan name "Zhushen" to "Manzhou". He also changed the country's name from "Houjin" to "Qing", removed the title of Khan and proclaimed himself emperor, and changed the name of the Yuan Dynasty to "Chongde". The Qing Dynasty finally destroyed the Ming Dynasty.

Agudemba elaborated on this history:

In 1368, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor and established the Ming Dynasty. In the same year, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was captured, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty fled north, and the Mongolian rule in the Central Plains came to an end.

In 1387, Ming Taizu sent Feng Sheng as his general to conquer Haixi. As the last resistance force of the Yuan Dynasty in non-Mongolian areas, Naha felt that it was difficult to maintain, so he chose to surrender, and the Ming Dynasty opened the road to Liaodong.

In 1388, the Ming Dynasty took back the Liaodong territory occupied by Goryeo and demarcated it on the Yalu River. It also prevented Goryeo from controlling the Jurchens. King Gao Liyou filed a petition to protest, but was rejected by Ming Taizu. In the early years of Yongle, Aha came out of Wanhu in Huli, and Timur, the fierce brother of Wanhu in Odoli, entered the Ming Dynasty one after another. At this time, the Joseon Dynasty, which had replaced Goryeo, petitioned the Ming Dynasty, hoping to recall Timur, the fierce brother, but the Ming Dynasty did not agree. Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty established the Jianzhou Guard and Jianzhou Left Guard Military and Civilian Command Departments, with two people as commanders respectively. Later, Meng Ge Timur and others also accompanied Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty to personally conquer Arutai. With the arrival of Ahachu, Mengge Timur and others in the Ming Dynasty, more and more Jurchen leaders joined them. The Ming Dynasty adopted the method of "building together and dividing the efforts" and successively set up 384 guards, 24 stations, 7 ground stations, 7 stations, and 1 village. The imperial court also established the Nuergandu Division to oversee the various guard posts. In the early stage, Haixi Jurchens and internal officials Yi Shiha served as guard eunuchs to manage the area. Later, it was officially abolished in 1434 due to long-term abandonment.

Agudemba continued:

Faced with the Ming Dynasty's military pressure, the Mongols did not retreat. Nurhaci unified the Jurchen tribe and established the Hou Jin regime.

In 1449, the Mongolian Grand Master also launched an attack on the Ming Dynasty first. He defeated the Ming army in Tumubao and captured Ming Yingzong who led the army to conquer the country. Some garrison posts in Jianzhou and Haixi took the opportunity to attack Liaodong to cooperate with Yexian's military operations. However, a large number of Jurchen guards were attacked by Yexian. Many Jurchen hereditary leaders lost their hereditary certificates because they were robbed by Yexian's troops. Later, they could only pay tribute in the name of Zhongshu Sheren. , the rewards available are much less than before.

Since then, the Ming Dynasty's authority over the Jurchens began to decline, and the Jurchen tribes gradually lost control. Some leaders, such as Dong Shan and Wang Gao, even dared to openly challenge the Ming Dynasty and plunder the Liaodong region. It was also around this period that the Jurchen script was completely lost. The Jurchens mainly used Mongolian as their written language, and a small number of them used Chinese. At that time, the Jurchens had roughly formed three major groups: Jianzhou, Haixi and Yeren. Among them, Jianzhou and Haixi gradually moved south from the Mudanjiang River Basin to the Liaodong area and settled here.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, various Jurchen tribes competed with each other for supremacy and often went to war, resulting in a chaotic situation of killing each other. The Jurchen people suffered greatly.

Nurhachi, Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, was the sixth grandson of Mengge Timur, the left guard of Jianzhou. He had outstanding political and military talents. He followed the trend of historical development and started the war to unify the various Jurchen tribes.

Nurhaci lost his mother at the age of ten and was captured at Atai's house when he was fifteen or sixteen. Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong Province, saw his intelligence and placed him under his subordinates, and he made many military exploits in the army. When he was nineteen, he took the opportunity to "fly away" from Li Chengliang. Later, he went into the mountains to collect mountain products and traveled to Fushun, Ma City and other places. He became familiar with the situation in Han areas and was deeply influenced by Han culture. After he started the army, he was successively named the commander, the commander, the governor, and the general of dragon and tiger by the Ming Dynasty.

Starting from the 11th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1583), Nurhaci spent 11 years to unify the Jurchens in Jianzhou and thwarted the attack of 30,000 people from nine coalition forces including Ye He. In the forty-first year of Wanli (1613), the Hada, Huifa and Ula tribes of Haixi Jurchen were merged. At the same time, they continued to win victories in the use of troops against the various tribes in the East China Sea. In more than 30 years, Nurhaci unified all the Jurchen tribes scattered in the vast area ranging from Haibin in the east, Kaiyuan in the west, Nen River Basin in the north, and Yalu River in the south.

In 1583, Nurhachi, who was born in a family of Jianzhou Zuowei commanders, had his ancestors and father accidentally killed by the Ming Dynasty. He used the "Thirteen Armors" left by his ancestors to raise an army and started his path to founding a country and becoming a Khan. Unlike many previous Jurchen leaders who either blindly surrendered or chose to directly confront the Ming Dynasty, Nurhaci initially relied on the official positions granted by the Ming court to develop his own strength. The Jurchens and the neighboring Mongolian tribes surrendered. During this period, Nurhachi created the Eight Banners system to unite his tribe, and also ordered his scholar Erdeni and minister Gaigai to create new characters based on the Mongolian alphabet to spell out the Jurchen language (later Manchu), and gradually solved the problem of the Jurchen written language at that time Communication can only be done in Mongolian or Chinese, which brings a lot of inconvenience.

In 1616, Nurhaci believed that the time was ripe, so he proclaimed himself khan in Hetuala, founded the Later Jin Dynasty, and established the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1618, Nurhaci issued the Seven Great Haters and formally swore to fight against the Ming Dynasty. Later, he successively conquered Kaiyuan, Tieling, Liaoyang, Shenyang and other places, and moved the capital to Shenyang. After Hou Jin entered the Liaoshen area, on the one hand, he ordered the adoption of surrendered Han people, but on the other hand, he implemented bad policies such as shaving hair, relocating large numbers of people, inventorying grain, and recruiting servicemen, which aroused the resistance of the Han people in Liaodong. Some of them fled, and some They resorted to poisoning, attacking and killing, rioting and other resistance methods against the Jurchens, which brought certain troubles to Hou Jin's rule in the Liaoshen area. In response, Nurhachi adopted strong suppression methods. Many Han people were killed, and the rest were reduced to slaves and incorporated into Zhuangtian.

Agudemba continued:

In 1626, Nurhachi died shortly after his defeat in the Battle of Ningyuan. His successor Huang Taiji restored some of the original treatment of the Han people, and at the same time started studying Confucianism, which significantly improved the status of the Han people and eased the conflict between the Jurchens and the Han people within the Later Jin Dynasty. contradiction.

Huang Taiji also incorporated the Han and Mongolian people of Hou Jin into the Eight Banners system, creating the Han Army and the Eight Mongolian Banners. Like Manchuria, they are also called bannermen. In 1635, Huang Taiji changed the family name from Zhushen to Manzhou. The following year (1636), the country's name was changed to "Great Qing" in the Later Jin Dynasty, and he was proclaimed emperor instead of the Khan title.

During the reign of Huang Taiji, he led his troops several times to bypass Mongolia and attack Beijing and other places. However, due to the obstruction of the Ming Dynasty's Guan-Ningjin defense line, he was never able to effectively control the area within the Guan.

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Wu Sangui and Li Zicheng's peasant army fought fiercely in Shanhaiguan. Wu Sangui asked for help from the Jin Dynasty on the condition of "materials and silk" and "ceding of land". Dorgon led the Manchurian Qing army to enter the customs to participate in the war, and officially moved the capital to Beijing, conquering the whole country. The Ming Dynasty collapsed and the Qing Dynasty ruled for nearly three hundred years.

After listening to the wise man Agudengba's narration, Azhuo and Chu Sanxing were very curious. But Yadan, Dawa, and Xiangqima were not interested in these historical events.

Yadan asked Agudengba: Mr. Agudengba, the wise man, can you give us the folk customs and life stories of the Ming Dynasty?

Agudengba smiled: We can ask the knowledgeable Mr. Dorje to tell us about the history of Ming Dynasty cheongsam and jacket. The popular cheongsam and mandarin jacket all have interesting stories.

In order to conclude this speech, Agudenba sang an impromptu song "What is History?":

 

Those who shout Chinese civilization,

Can it be proved with solid facts?

The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors really exist in the world,

The descendants of Yan and Huang are not myths and legends.

 

The key to exploring the historical truth is to follow the facts.

Science cannot be explained by twists and turns;

Who can confirm where the capital of the Xia Dynasty was?

Who can tell the secret of Sands Samsung?

 

It’s easy to say that people from the four ancient civilizations,

Why is the history of the same period covered up?

Erased ancient Greece and Rome,

Don’t they have a share in civilization?

 

A lie fabricated by Liang Qichao,

How many ignorant Chinese people have been deceived.

Mayan culture belongs to the original civilization.

How many Chinese people know about it?

 

The Han nationality speaks Chinese and writes Chinese characters.

Why do men wear long braids?

Is it fashionable for little girls to bind their feet?

Where is civilization?

 

The Mongols once swept across Europe and Asia;

Destroyed the Song Dynasty ruled by the Han people,

The Yuan Dynasty was founded by foreigners,

It's just part of being under the rule of others.

 

The invaders occupied the land of China,

The Han people fell to the lowest level of society,

This shameful history has been painted with gold,

Become a glorious page in the history of the country.

 

Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Empire,

The Han people recovered their lost kingdoms,

I conquered the country but couldn't hold it back.

The peasant army rebelled and fought fiercely at Shanhaiguan.

 

Wu Sangui rebelled and asked Hou Jin for help.

Dorgon led the Qing army into the pass to join the war.

The Ming Dynasty collapsed completely.

The Qing Dynasty ruled the Han Dynasty for three hundred years.

 

What is the true national history?

History always likes to make lies and make jokes.

The changes in dynasties during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties,

Which emperor serves the people?