The Sumerian civilization that should not be forgotten

 

The Sumerian civilization that should not be forgotten

 

When the foreigner Mr. John and the archaeological expert Mr. Aza discussed the Sumerian civilization, the topic came up with the Yanhuang culture in China. Lacuo and Agudengba did not interrupt, but listened to their conversation attentively.

Old man Aza said:

In my opinion, the so-called Yanhuang are just legendary myths and stories, or even made-up history. There is no real archaeological evidence to prove their existence.

Mr. John, a foreigner, said:

I agree with Mr. If we talk about the Sumerian civilization, there are definite records and physical evidence.

6,000 years ago, in the area at the mouth of the Persian Gulf at the southern end of the Tigris and Euphrates river basins in the Arabian Peninsula, which is today's Kuwait and adjacent areas, it was the ancient Sumerians and Uruks who created the world's earliest Sumerian civilization. , the Ur people, established the Mesopotamian civilization in Lagash, Elidu, Susa, and Lhasa. Around the end of the 21st century BC, Ur-Nammu founded the Third Dynasty of Ur, which unified the southern Mesopotamia and implemented centralized rule. The king combined military, administrative and judicial powers. In order to meet the needs of governance, the world's earliest "Ur-Nammu Code" was promulgated, which was written in cuneiform. In addition to the preface, there are 29 articles, the content of which involves damage and compensation, marriage, family and inheritance, and punishment. etc., reflecting the code's protection of slave owners' interests and private ownership. This is the world's first written code, which marks that ancient Eastern law has entered the stage of codification. It had a significant impact on the subsequent legislation in the Mesopotamia. 　

After the demise of the Third Dynasty of Ur, the southern Mesopotamia was in a state of division again, and some city-states at that time also formulated some written codes. The main ones include the "Sumerian Code", the "Sumerian Relatives Law", the "Libit Isda Code", the "Bilalama Code", etc., which still basically inherited the "Ur-Nammu Code". style, but with a much broader scope.

By the 18th century BC, Hammurabi, the sixth king of Babylon, had completed the unification of the two river basins and formulated the famous Code of Hammurabi. developed to a more complete level.

After Assyria, the Indo-European Hittite civilization born on this land also promulgated the Treaty of Kadesh. The ancient Assyrian Empire, located in the center of present-day Iraq, caused considerable damage and intrusion to this series of glorious ancient civilizations.

It was not until the 1st century BC that cuneiform writing gradually withdrew from the stage of history.

Lacuo asked:

Did the Sumerians migrate to southern Mesopotamia from elsewhere? When and where did they come from? Foreigner Mr. John smiled and said: According to the Sumerian inscriptions, 445,000 years ago, what they called the "Creator God" came to the earth. The only inhabitants of the earth were wild, undomesticated animals and the first ancestors of humans. These alien creatures were Called the Anunnaki, meaning, "those who come from heaven to earth," the Anunnaki live on a distant planet in orbit called Nibiru, which enters our solar system only every 3,600 years. Description Nibiru is many times the diameter of Earth, and its abundant iron oxide gives its rivers and lakes a red color. From the relevant information, we can see that some foreign researchers have relatively influential views or research results on these issues, and that they have different understandings of who exactly the "Sumerians" refer to.

During the Sumerian era, the inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia were probably a fusion of several different ethnic groups, possibly including farming, nomadic, and fishing and hunting groups. Due to the natural environment of Mesopotamia and the lack of appropriate ancient human remains, it has not been possible to test Sumerian Y-DNA so far. Based on other information, some people speculate that the Y-DNA of the Sumerians may be G, J, L, T or some kind of R. Some people think it is R1b. Recently, the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania found an ancient human skeleton from Ur, where the Sumerians lived 6,500 years ago. Its well-preserved teeth may have enough soft tissue for DNA testing. In view of the fact that the Sumerians were probably a fusion of multiple different ethnic groups, it is unknown to what extent this test result can reveal the secrets of the Sumerian genes.

 Old man Aza said:

My understanding is that the tribes of Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang should live near the dividing line between nomadism and farming, and their lifestyles can be easily switched. The Chinese surnames Ji and Jiang both originated from Gansu. They are the original Qiang people and have blood ties with the Tibetan people, many ethnic minorities in Yunnan, Myanmar, and the northeastern Indian states. This has been traced back to the paternal DNA of the Han people. proved. DNA traceability is the most scientific and accurate. In terms of language, it is now recognized internationally that Chinese, Tibetan, Yunnan Bai, and Burmese have the same origin.

Mr. John, a foreigner, said:

Huangdi's tribe should not belong to the Altaic language family. The paternal DNA of the Altai people is N and Q (Rong Di, Huns, Turks) and C (Mongolia, Jurchen), plus a small amount of R (ancient white people in Xinjiang and western Gansu) . Also, the father's line D is Tibetan and Di Qiang. Although many tribes in the Altaic language family also have one-third of their paternal DNA as O (Xianqiang, Miaoman, Baiyue), this should be related to tribal migration in ancient times, prairie tribes plundering the population of settled cities, and the failure of political struggles The successive generations of refugees who came out of the fortress were also related to trade exchanges.

I personally think that although the main paternal gene of the Yanhuang tribe is the O line, it does not rule out that some high-level tribes are mixed with other foreign tribes. It is possible that the high-level paternal line is C, D, N, Q or even R. Because in a matrilineal society, the father's line usually comes from other tribes. Moreover, people with foreign genes are eugenics-compliant, have high IQs, are strong, tall, bearded, and have straight noses, which is what ancient books say are strange. They can easily stand out in their own tribe.

Foreigner Mr. John added:

In addition, from a cultural analysis, the Miao and Yao tribes of Tibetan and Burma all have complex medicine. The legendary Chinese ancestor Shennong Chang Baicao is more like a southerner than a northern herdsman. Also, the Yellow Emperor created the lunar calendar and writing, which are only needed by a farming and settled civilization that has reached a certain level. Furthermore, it is said that the Yellow Emperor’s first concubine was from the Xiling clan, named Leizu. She planted mulberry trees, raised silkworms, and taught people how to weave. People called her the “first silkworm”. She was a silkworm farmer, not a herdsman. Finally, the Huangdi tribe was a farming and hunting people who wore loose clothes and long sleeves, not nomadic people who wore trousers and animal skins. Because the loose clothes are not suitable for riding and shooting, they can only be used for car fighting, and they are not warm. Obviously, these tribes cannot come from the bitter cold land outside the Great Wall.

Archaeological experts Aza, Lacuo and Agudengba all agreed with Mr. John's analysis.

Foreigner Mr. John said:

The arid floodplains of today's southern Iraq are a difficult area for the local inhabitants. To survive here, the people here must have the ability to control the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to ensure year-round irrigation and drinking water sources. Therefore, the Sumerian language is very rich in words such as canal, dam, and reservoir.

The people of the Samarra culture used water from the Tigris River and its tributaries to carry out early, primitive irrigated agriculture.

The Sumerians expanded southward from here. Their advanced social organization and technology provided them with such conditions. They had the ability to control water, survive and develop in a difficult environment, and the original local hunting culture could not compete with them. They compete.

Settlements excavated by French archaeologists in the 1980s near present-day Larsa show very clearly the connection between the two cultures.

 Foreigner Mr. John said again:

Early Obeid pottery is also related to the pottery of the earlier northern Samarra culture (58th century BC to 50th century BC). Obeid culture ceramics and Samarra culture ceramics coexisted in a period.

Archaeological expert Aza smiled and said to the foreigner Mr. John, Lacuo and Agudengba:

We should not forget the Sumerian civilization. You must know that the legendary Xia Dynasty of China was from about the 22nd century BC to the 17th century BC; the Shang Dynasty was from the early 17th century BC to the 11th century BC. The Zhou Dynasty lasted from about the 11th century BC to 256 BC, and was later divided into the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was further divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Old man Aza sang a song "The Origin of Civilization":

 

The origin of world civilization,

Where does it come from?

It's a gift from God,

Or Adam and Eve?

It was Pangu who created the world,

Or was it created by Nuwa?

History has found the answer,

The answer lies in Mesopotamia.

 

That was the Sumerian civilization,

The source of human civilization.

The earliest country in the world,

The earliest human code of law.

The earliest cuneiform writing,

The earliest history was written.

Understand Sumerian civilization,

Only then can we understand the world.

 

World civilization is evolving,

Sumer should not be forgotten.