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As a child, I lived in the west wing of Shikumen, an old house in Shanghai. When I pushed open the west window, it was a tiger stove in the alley next door. More than half a century later, the impression of the tiger stove did not completely disappear.
Tiger Furnace, also known as the Sailor Shop, is the urban landscape of old Shanghai.
The traditional Shanghai tiger stove is equipped with three boiling pots. There is a coal hole in the center of the three pots, and there are two water pots between the boiling pot and the chimney, called "water holes".
In the past, there were two kinds of tiger stoves in Shanghai: one was called "Seven Star Cooker", and this kind of stove was just a big pot. There are seven fire holes made of mud and brick in the storage tank, and seven steel pots are placed on these holes to boil water. The other is called the "economic furnace", the furnace body is a white iron furnace, and a large pot of water is placed on the furnace. Later, a thermometer and faucet were added at the exit to observe the water temperature and drainage.
Tiger stoves are usually made of cement, but also of foreign iron. There is a bucket on the stove head, which is burned with briquettes, coal or charcoal, wood chips, wood shavings from early morning to night, so the tiger stove is all boiling water. Interestingly, the faucet is not directly connected to the barrel, but extends from the stove, while the chimney stands on top of the barrel.
Tiger stoves are generally located on small streets near farming gates or alleys, and usually open sideways. There are also two straight rooms, either upstairs and downstairs. The stove is built at the entrance of the shop, and the mouth of the stove faces the road or the small streets and alleys ahead
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The birth of the Shanghai Tiger Stove is inseparable from the restrictions on the living environment and cooking conditions of the old Shanghainese. Some people have verified that when the Tiger Stove was born in the Shanghai Xiaodaohui uprising, the people ran to the concession outside the city in order to avoid the fighting. At that time, gas was not popular, and the use of briquettes was already excellent. It was inconvenient to use wood to burn water at home, and the tiger stove came into being.
There is a saying in old Shanghai called "dipping water", which refers to going to the tiger stove to get cooked water. In the area where Shidano simple houses were concentrated, tiger stoves were an indispensable part of people's lives. Residents rely on tiger stoves for drinking tea and using cooked water. In addition to supplying cooked water, many tiger stoves also have several tables for people to drink tea to chat or talk about business, and some also have pot soup for people to take a bath. Therefore, the Tiger Stove actually sells cooked water and runs teahouses and bathrooms, which greatly facilitates the lives of nearby residents.
At that time, it was already a habit for some people to go to the tiger stove to turn on the water every morning before work and in the evening after get off work. You can always see people carrying hot water bottles or teapots in and out of the tiger stove and stepping out of the water stains on the road.
In order to save coal and save a little money, my mother often told me to "boil water" in the tiger stove.
At that time, when I was just 10 years old, I just couldn’t afford a thermos filled with cooked water. Every time I soaked the water, I always took the thermos home. Later, I was able to carry two or even three thermoses home.
The boiling water is generally in the winter, you can make rice, Shanghai people are used to eating rice, I still do.
However, sometimes in the summer to soak in boiling water, mainly to boil water to scald the captured mice, or to use boiling water to irrigate bed bugs and their eggs.
It is also common to travel between the tiger stove and home. I am afraid that boys of that era were often called by their mothers, and I had the same experience of boiling water.
Remember, I was carrying a bamboo shell thermos to the tiger stove to boil water. Soaking a thermos is usually a penny, and a copper hanging water seems to be two cents. In those difficult times, it was not easy for ordinary people to burn hot water. Tiger stoves are undoubtedly partners in the snow. On winter nights, before going to bed, every household must go to the alley to get some hot boiling water back, use it to wash their faces, burn their feet, refill the soup, and then tuck the soup into the bed, a black pillow in the cold winter night Sweetness is guaranteed. At that time, the water was soaked in water. For the convenience of change, the owner of Tiger Stove prepared a number of mahjong-sized pieces of cardboard cut out of cardboard. The average family will buy dozens of them at home and take a few brands if they want to soak a few bottles of water.
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Tiger stove is a saying in Shanghai. It is also a new term in modern Shanghai. Refers specifically to the low-end teahouse that specializes in running cooked water and bath halls. After the 1930s, as the number of bathrooms in Shanghai increased, tiger kitchens in Shanghai generally no longer operate bathrooms.
As for the origin of the term "tiger stove", the interpretation is different.
My grandfather said that it was from "Pidgin English". Because there are a large number of Western buildings in modern Shanghai, these buildings are generally equipped with fireplaces and porous chimneys on the roof. The English roof is "R00f" and the sound is "tiger", so this kind of chimney is set on the roof The stove is called "tiger stove". The traditional folk stoves in Jiangnan generally come out of the wall. The chimney of the cooked water shop with large materials must be installed on the roof, so the cooked water shop is also called a tiger stove.
According to his mother, it is believed that the tiger stove is named after its shape. In the past, the refueling place of the cooked water store was located outside the wall. Two small windows were designed on the wall to see the inside of the stove. The stove of this stove is like a tiger's mouth, two small windows are like tiger eyes, and the chimney on the roof is Like a tiger's tail, it is called a "tiger stove".
Neighbor Wan Wanmu has another saying: It is said that it was opened by a fire monk surnamed Fu, who caused public outrage because of his personal affair with a girl in a village in the countryside. . Because the boss surnamed Fu Zuolingyoushe was called "Old Fu Zao". However, the pronunciation of "Lao Fu" and "Tiger" in Shanghai dialect became "Tiger Stove" over time. This is another version of the origin of "Tiger Stove".
"Hujiang Commercial City Scenery Tiger Stove" published in 1906: "The stove opened binocular beasts, for which the name "tiger" was contended; the street stoves are all over the street, selling tea and water." "Shanghai During the reign of the flames, the pot will be stored for a long time to be distributed; one teaspoon of tea will be used for cooking. It will prevent people from burning under the stove." It is the image portrayal of the old Shanghai tiger stove.
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In the old Shanghai Tiger Stove has become a kind of business, a line in the 360 line, and practitioners have also established an industry organization, that is, Shanghai Shushui Commercial Association.
After the 1980s, the tiger stove industry in Shanghai gradually declined, and gradually disappeared after the 1990s.
Regardless of that statement, Tiger Stove has a history in Shanghai.
It was the tiger stove operated by a boss named Qian who was located on Fangbang Middle Road in Nancheng District that really allowed the tiger stove to "carry forward." Boss Qian used to be Huang Rong's follower in his early years, and then withdrew from the rivers and lakes due to a serious illness. Jin Rongnian's old love gave him a few silver coins, and his followers set up a cigarette and paper shop on Fang Bangzhong Road, and changed it into a tiger stove to dilute the business with his daughter.
At that time, Fang Bangzhong Road lived with many drivers and hawkers who took three rounds of pulling yellow bags. When the business is busy at noon or afternoon, they will go to the small pot in the boss's tiger stove and have a tea break. Later, boss Qian saw that these people were sweating all day, but he was reluctant to go to the bathhouse, so he bought more than a dozen large wooden basins and started a "basin soup" business.
These coachmen and hawkers only need to use two copper plates to comfortably take a hot bath in a wooden tub. This is very popular, and the business of tiger stoves is booming.
What is interesting is that the boss Qian’s daughter has also found a favorite among these drivers, and the tiger stove that Qian boss painstakingly managed has finally been passed down.
This money-recording tiger stove became the object of “cloning” of almost all tiger stoves in Shanghai at that time. Even the way to ask his wife to find a man was the same way, which is why most of the tiger stoves in Shanghai were “couple and wife shops” "Reason.
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According to statistics, there were more than 1,000 tiger stoves in Shanghai, but nowadays there are basically no tiger stoves.
It is also said that Shanghai still has the last tiger stove. This last tiger stove has a poetic name: Meixi Nong.
Meixi Alley is an alley near the Nanhuang City God Temple. The last tiger stove in Shanghai is located in this alley. So for this last memory, almost all the residents in Meixi Nong who are still boiling water, drinking tea, chatting, or "pot soup" in this tiger stove all call the tiger stove Meixi Nong.
The history of Meixi Alley is neither long nor short. It has a history of more than 50 years. It is said that the boss of Meixi Lane in his early years was the relative of the boss of the Qianji Tiger Stove on Fang Bangzhong Road next door. In the 1980s, the son of Mei Xilong boss who lined up in Jiangxi and settled in Jiangxi returned to the city to take over the charge of Meixi Lane. His girlfriend came back with him. Soon the girlfriend's overseas relatives asked her to go abroad, but she got married quickly and became the boss lady of Meixi Lane.
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My square table is placed in front of the window, and the tiger stove can be seen under the window. I sit at the table to do my homework. I often have to steal for a while and cannot leave the chair. The only way is to look outside the window. The scenery, besides the tiger stove, does not look good. Over time, I also saw a feeling for this tiger stove.
The tiger stove is named after its shape. I belong to a tiger. I will draw a tiger stove to play. I intentionally paint the mouth of the furnace where the water is boiling, more like a big mouth opened by a tiger. The chimney tube raised high, like a tiger's cocked tail. The painting was tired, just look at the person who burned the water. When he stabbed the tiger stove, he saw the burnt coal ash, broken wood, straw ash, and the sun suddenly fell into the water, and a white mist would rise, but soon When the dust is gone, the tiger stove is also environmentally friendly.
On the surface of the tiger stove next to my house, there are three deep boiling water pots. There is a coal hole in the center of the three pots. There are also two water pots between the water pot and the chimney. Half boiled water. This is a traditional tiger stove. When the residents "bubbled the water", the working man inserted an iron colander with a long wooden handle into the mouth of the thermos in his left hand, and used an iron shaker with a long wooden handle in his right hand to pour boiling water into the boiling water bottle under the colander in.
In my memory, two spoons and a half iron spoon of water can "bubble" the water bottle. I don’t know at what time, the tiger stove was transformed into an "economical stove" made of white iron to make a furnace body. There are two taps and a thermometer in front of the stove. The taps are used to release the water, which reduces the number of people. The physical strength, soaking in water is also very convenient.
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