Liberate yourself Chapter 28

1

What is the "most precious thing" children need today? How to give "the most precious things" to children? This is something I have been thinking about.

As I grew older, through a survey of society and life, I gradually discovered that seemingly carefree children, their lives are not easy. At least I had such an experience in my childhood. In this world, no one can return the carefree and happy childhood life that should belong to children. No one respects the age characteristics and development laws of children. The polarization of social wealth deprives poor children of equality. With happiness, under Chinese authoritarian politics, children are divided into five categories of red and six categories of black. There is no doubt that the descendants of mice, sparrows, flies, and mosquitoes are the same as their predecessors. The children born by dog ​​parents are always dogs. Cub. With the proliferation of pedigrees, it is impossible to impart the most precious things to all children fairly.

In 1957, Mao Zedong said at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "I am very aware of the four things of eradicating mice, sparrows, flies, and mosquitoes. It has only been ten years, can I just prepare this year and mobilize Let’s do it next spring?...China is going to become four kingdoms: one without rats, two without sparrows, three without flies, and four without mosquitoes." In 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council Instructions: To complete the task of eliminating rats, sparrows, flies and mosquitoes within 10 years or less.

When the nationwide campaign to eliminate the "four evils" started, I was still in elementary school. Like all children, I deal with a kind of "completely perverted insect" every day, this kind of insect is a fly.

In the era of "eliminating the four evils" in China, all students must participate in the campaign to eliminate flies, and they must hand over the dead flies to the school for statistics.

Both my sister and I participated in the flies eradication event. My neighbor Wan Wan was frightened when she saw the flies. She couldn't shoot the flies at all. Her task of eliminating the flies was contracted by me.

It is absurd to recall this past. Children who are not sensible, put dead flies into the box, are they not afraid of bacterial infection?

A movie called "Flies" came out.

This movie with a taste of science fiction was once rated as one of the most disgusting films of all time. The story is about a scientist who successfully completed an experiment that decomposes organic matter and synthesizes it out of place. Just when the scientist experimented with himself, a fly was mixed into the container. The result of the synthesis was that the scientist had a fly head and the fly had a human head. This shocking imagination combined with certain scientific theories as a proof obviously caused panic in people's hearts. In another world, reorganizing a self seems more like a deep discussion of what is the essence of life, even if its form is a bit unacceptable. Thinking about life and a deep understanding of politics are more like a fable story.

"Flies don't fear, they don't feel ashamed...Flies don't like politics..." This is a famous line in "Flies".

"Flies don't like politics", but this line left a deep impression on me.

2

In biology, flies are typical "complete metamorphosis insects". According to statistics from the late 1970s, there are more than 120,000 species of 132 families of Diptera in the world, of which there are more than 34,000 species of 64 families of flies. There are 4 families, 38 genera and 74 species in Fuzhou City, China alone. The main species are house flies, city flies, mercerized green flies, and big-headed gold flies.

Flies, English name: fly

Flies have the physiological characteristics that they can lay eggs for life once mating. A female fly can lay eggs 5-6 times in its lifetime, and the number of eggs laid each time is about 100-150, and the maximum is about 300. It can breed 10-12 generations within a year.

I have known since childhood that flies mostly feed on spoiled organic matter. Flies always live in poorly hygienic environments.

But what makes me strange and curious is that the fly has no nose, but it has another taste organ and is not on the head and face, but on the feet. As long as it flies to the food, first taste the taste of the food with the taste organs on the feet, and then eat it with the mouth. Because the flies are very greedy and like to fly around, you have to try any food you see. In this way, there will be a lot of food on the feet of the fly, which is not conducive to the fly and hinders it. Taste. So the flies rubbed their feet around to rub off the food on their feet.

Because flies have this bad habit, they can infect many germs. If flies are standing in feces and sewage and flying to food, they will leave germs on the food. In addition, the fly has a worse habit, when it falls on food, it not only eats food, but also defecates, and puts some live bacteria, parasite eggs, etc. in the intestine on the food. .

The teacher also told us:

Flies are harmful to humans because they carry a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The flies have hairy surfaces, and the foot pads can secrete mucus. They like to crawl for food in human or animal feces, sputum, vomit, and corpses. A large number of pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, hepatitis bacillus, polio bacteria, hepatitis A bacteria hepatitis B bacteria, and roundworm eggs, etc.; often stay on the human body, food, tableware, rubbing when stopped Foot and body brushing habits, pathogens attached to it quickly contaminate food and tableware. When the flies eat, they spit out the crop liquid first, and then dissolve the food before inhaling it, and they eat, spit, and pull; this also spit out the pathogens that were originally eaten in the digestive juice, contaminating the food they have eaten People will get sick if they eat these foods and use contaminated tableware.

The bad habits of flies are hard to change, so we can see that they are the most abominable insects.

3

Maybe you hate flies as much as I do, but what I am different from you is that seeing flies also has advantages. Because in the ecosystem, the larvae of flies play an important role in the decomposition of animals and plants. Adult flies, because they are fond of sweet substances, can also replace bees for pollination and variety improvement of crops.

In clinical medicine, live fly maggots can also be inoculated into wounds, play a role in sterilization and debridement, and promote healing.

The protein-rich fly maggots are also important bait and feed, which can be produced in factories.

The life of a fly flies through four stages: egg, larva (maggot), pupa, and adult. The shape of each stage is completely different. The eggs of the flies are milky white, like a banana or oval shape, about 1 mm long. There are two crests on the back of the egg shell, the membrane between the crests is the thinnest, and the larvae will drill out from here when hatching.

The larvae of flies, commonly known as fly maggots, have three ages: they become 2nd instar after molting, and 3rd instar after molting again. The body color of the fly larvae changes from transparent, milky white to milky yellow, until it matures and turns into pupae. The 3rd instar larvae have a long conical shape, the front end is tapered, and the rear end is cut, without eyes or feet. The life characteristics of the fly maggots are like drilling holes, fearing strong light, and hiding in the dark places of the creatures all day long. It has many foods, and all kinds of spoilage and fermented organic matter are all its delicacies. The main factors affecting the growth and development of fly maggots include temperature, humidity, food and ventilation. Air circulation is conducive to the growth and development of fly maggots. In garbage dumps, fly maggots are often distributed in the corners and roots of walls with large gaps.

Pupa is the third metamorphosis in the life history of flies. It is in the shape of a bucket, that is, surrounding the pupa. Its body color changed from light to dark, and finally turned into chestnut brown, 5-8 mm long. The pupa shell constantly undergoes metamorphosis, and once the fly's embryonic form is formed, it enters the stage of emergence. During the emergence, the flies alternately expand and contract by the forehead sac of the head, squeeze the head end of the pupa shell out and crawl out, through loose sand or other culture materials to reach the ground surface. From pupation to eclosion, it is called pupal stage.

Adult flies emerging from pupae need to go through several stages of "resting-crawling-stretching body-spreading wings-body wall hardening" in order to develop into adult flies with the ability to fly, feed and reproduce. The housefly, which has just emerged from the pupa, has a soft, light gray body wall, and its wings have not yet spread out, and the frontal sac has not retracted. Later, the wings spread, the epidermis hardens and the color deepens. After 1 to 1.5 hours, the wings can fly. Under the condition of 27℃, the adult flies will start to move and feed 2-24 hours after emergence.

The feeding habits of flies depend on their species. There are those who specialize in sucking nectar and plant juices, those who specialize in cannibalism, animal blood or animal wound blood, and eye and nose secretions. The common houseflies, golden flies, silk green flies, red flies, and hemp flies are omnivorous flies, that is, people who eat human food, animal secretions and excreta, kitchen waste and organic matter in garbage. They have a strong tendency towards sugar, vinegar, ammonia and fishy smell. According to research, if female flies are supplied with water, sugar and carbohydrates, they can grow, but the ovaries cannot develop and lay eggs. Only by feeding protein foods or a variety of amino acids can they lay eggs normally.

The factors that affect the lifespan of flies are temperature, humidity, food and water.

4

Flies are insects that move frequently during the day and have obvious phototaxis. At night, it rests still. The activity and habitat depend on the species, season, temperature and region. In certain seasons, stable rot flies, summer flies, and city flies can also invade the house. Big-headed gold flies, silk green flies, blow flies, flies, and hemp flies are mainly active and inhabit outdoor.

Flies are good at flying. The flight speed can reach 6 to 8 kilometers per hour, and the highest flight is 8 to 18 kilometers per day and night. However, they usually move within a radius of 100 to 200 meters in the breeding ground, and most do not exceed 1 to 2 kilometers.

The way of flies overwintering is quite complicated. It can be overwintered in pupal state, as well as in the form of fly maggots and adults. In northern cold and temperate regions, the active housefly cannot be seen in nature. In Jiangnan and parts of North China, where the average winter temperature is below 0 ℃, flies can cleverly overwinter in pupal state, and a few regions can also find fly larvae covered by livestock and poultry feces. In the subtropical area of ​​southern China, the average temperature is above 5 ℃, and the flies do not exist in a dormant state, and can continue to breed.

In the flies population, the smaller individuals are generally males, and the larger individuals are generally females; as long as they look at their stomachs, they can be distinguished from males and females: males have small and flat stomachs, females have large and round stomachs; see their Butt can also be separated into male and female. The buttocks of male flies are round and the buttocks of female flies are pointed.

Flies have amazing fertility. According to observations, the housefly in the laboratory lays about 100 eggs per batch, and one female fly can eventually lay 10-20 batches of eggs, with a total of 600-1000 eggs. In nature, each female fly can lay 4 to 6 batches of eggs in a lifetime, with an interval of 3 to 4 days between each batch. Even in North China, house flies can reproduce 10-12 generations a year. According to the most conservative estimate, each female fly can produce 200 offspring, then 100 female flies only need to pass 10 generations, and the total number of breeding flies Will reach 2 trillion!

Although flies are strong and the family is prosperous, 50% to 60% of future generations die due to the invasion of natural enemies and other disasters. There are three types of natural enemies of flies: First, predatory natural enemies, including frogs, dragonflies, spiders, praying mantises, ants, lizards, geckos, worms and birds. Chicken manure is the breeding stock of house flies and stable flies, but there are often ferocious giant crickets and scorpions, which will prey on the eggs and fly maggots in the feces. The second is parasitic natural enemies, such as chrysanthemums, small bees and other parasitic wasps. They often lay eggs in the fly larvae or pupae. After hatching the larvae, they take the fly larvae and fly pupae. It was found that 60.4% of the pupae of the hemp flies dug in the spring were killed by parasitic wasps. The third is the natural enemy of microorganisms. Japanese scholars have found that Bacillus Morita can inhibit the breeding of flies, and Chinese scholars have also found that if the spores of the "Fly M. fungus" fall on the flies, they will infect the flies with M. mildew.

5

In the era of "removal of the four pests", flies were also a pest, beaten everywhere.

In the process of exterminating flies, people also learned a lot of ways to eliminate flies.

The most primitive way is to swatter the flies to death. The effectiveness of this method to control flies depends largely on the operator's technology. Recently, electronic fly swatters have emerged, which overcome the shortcomings of pollution caused by traditional fly swatters, but the cost of fly flies has increased.

The fastest way is to kill the flies with pesticides.

The laziest way is to use a UV lamp to lure around the clock. Flies are phototrophic animals, especially sensitive to ultraviolet rays. Using this feature, humans have invented ultraviolet trap lights. The power grid outside the ultraviolet lamps can cause flies to be killed by electric shock.

The safest way is to install sticky fly paper. When a fly accidentally hits or falls and stops, it becomes stuck and unable to move. This method is only suitable for places where there are many flies and no strict extermination is needed.

The maximum lifespan of flies is 15 days. If you don't get food for a long time, you will die soon. So keeping all food properly and disposing of garbage is a fatal blow to flies.

The most convenient way to repel flies is the vinegar repellent method. Spray some pure vinegar indoors and the flies will avoid it. There is also an orange peel repellent method, which ignites dried orange peel indoors, which can expel flies and eliminate indoor odors. Drying the residual tea leaves and burning them in the toilet or beside the stinky ditch can not only expel mosquitoes and flies, but also remove odor. Put more chopped green onions, shallots, garlic, etc. in the kitchen. These foods have a strong spicy and pungent smell, and can also expel flies. If you put a pot of tomatoes indoors, you can also expel flies.

6

Interestingly, with the advancement of science, humans have also re-evaluated flies.

The use of cage nets to raise flies in ordinary houses is a technology commonly used in fly farms that have emerged in China in recent years. This technology requires heating facilities in the room, otherwise, when the indoor temperature does not reach 27°C in autumn, winter, and spring, the fertility of flies will be seriously reduced. Breeding flies in plastic greenhouses can enable continuous production of flies throughout the year, which can increase the breeding efficiency several times and become a very promising technology. Flies like to move in bright places, the greater the brightness, the greater the amount of activity. The artificial breeding flies should have a lighting device in the room, with more than 10 hours of light per day.

Why do humans breed flies?

This has to start from the eating habits of flies. The flies have very different eating habits, like fragrant, sweet, sour, and smelly. When they take food, they spit out the crop liquid to dissolve the food. Their habit is to eat, vomit, and pull. It has been observed that in the case of rich food, the flies need to defecate 4-5 times per minute.

Flies can also eat bacteria that are not good for themselves while eating, so the "spit while eating" method helps quickly eliminate bacteria. Generally, it takes only 7 to 11 seconds for a fly to eat and process and absorb nutrients until it is discharged from the body. When encountering bacteria with rapid reproduction ability, the fly's immune system emits two kinds of globulin, BF64 and BD2. Once in contact with the bacteria, it will "explode" and "come to the end" with the bacteria. The launches of these two globulins are always in tandem, paired and paired, and it is not a mess.

It is worth pointing out that the killing ability of BF64 and BD2 is thousands of times stronger than penicillin. If BF64 and BD2 can be extracted from flies for human treatment, it will bring gospel to humans.

In the past, when people mentioned flies, they all felt a sense of disgust. However, Australian banknotes with a denomination of 50 yuan are printed with flies. Australians regard flies as "pets". This is because the flies are different from flies in other countries. Most of them feed on forests and feed on plant juices without any viruses and bacteria. This fly is large, and its entire body and wings are soft and golden yellow, and it does not make an annoying buzz when flying. Therefore, Australia's evaluation of domestic flies is: beautiful, clean and cute.

Flies have become one of Australia’s export commodities and can exchange large amounts of foreign exchange each year. In the two major ports of Sydney and Brisbane, a large number of containers filled with flies are shipped abroad every month for teaching and research in universities and scientific research units in the world. It can also be used as a bait for fishing enthusiasts and as a fish farm. Feed etc.