Liberate Yourself Chapter 30

1

In 1958, I was 8 years old. I will not forget those years, 8-year-old children have memory. Looking back on the events of those years, I can't say anything. It can be said that I grew up in an era full of big talk and lies.

In 1958, the second year of the beginning of the anti-right movement, the people of the country ushered in the radical years in which the red flags of the General Route, the Great Leap Forward, and the People’s Commune were flying high. In the past few years, most people have a taste of hormone hyperactivity. The slogan of that year seems really incredible. What is "how bold is the man and how productive is the land?" The yield per mu of grain is falsely reported as two or three kilograms, and a prominent academic committee member believes that the sunlight can hit the surface. As long as 30% of the sunlight is used, the yield per mu may reach "more than 20 times more than two thousand kilograms!", his science The calculation makes the potential yield per mu accurate to 58,500 kg.

At the beginning of 1958, the Great Leap Forward movement initiated by the leaders of the Central Committee was truly rare in the history of the world. People who lived in that era were all impressed.

In that era, although I was a child, I still remember the past and the past, one by one, and it is still unforgettable.

In order to build a new China, the people of the whole country have a lot of enthusiasm, and they must strive to contribute their own strength. It was in such a good situation that in February 1958, the People’s Daily published an editorial "Spirit and Strive for Upstream", which clearly stated that the national economy should make a comprehensive leap forward. Subsequently, among all cadres at the grassroots level, the spirit of the editorial was carefully studied, which laid the ideological foundation for the overall leap forward and made mental preparations.

The proposal of the Great Leap Forward not only stays in mind, but also needs to be put into practice. According to the understanding at the time, people all thought that cadres do their jobs well and workers can increase production. Therefore, after everyone is working hard and not willing to let others down, a production movement has been solid. The production of various enterprises is booming, and the production plan and work tasks are completed every month.

2

　　 In my boyhood, posters and slogans of "Super Britain and the United States" can be seen everywhere on the street. I would often stop by the road to watch adults write slogans or graffiti cartoons on the walls.

In early June 1958, the State Planning Commission put forward the "Key Points of the Second Five-Year Plan", which proposed that five years should surpass the United Kingdom and ten years to catch up with the United States. This document was approved by Mao Zedong and was instructed: "This is a very good document and deserves serious reading." On June 17th, another report of "Two Years Exceeding Britain" was presented. Mao Zedong was very happy after reading it. Because the leader personally instructed, the spirit of the document was quickly communicated to the grassroots units.

The Chinese were excited and dazed after hearing it. What is exciting is that China, which is backward, can surpass the United Kingdom and catch up with the United States. It is indeed a remarkable thing. What is at a loss is that everyone does not know how to catch up, and what level the British and American countries are at is unknown. At the time, the source of the news was only an official newspaper, and there was no other channel. Even reports on British and American countries are the dark side of society. As for the overall situation, the Chinese are ignorant. The result of learning can only be to do the job well. What the party says is to do it!

　　 New China's agricultural front has continuously released a "satellite" of 10,000 kg of grain per mu.

In July 1958, good news continued from the agricultural front. Various media published the Hubei Province Changfeng Agricultural Production Cooperative. The early rice yielded 15361 kg per mu, and a large "satellite" was released. Immediately, the Ministry of Agriculture announced that summer grain output increased by 69% year-on-year, and the total output was 4 billion kilograms more than that of the United States. After the news of the production of 10,000 jin per mu was reported, it caused a great sensation in society.　

People are talking about it, and some people don’t believe their eyes and ears, have they misread it or heard it wrong?

The example has been set, and localities have followed suit. After that, the leading cadres of agriculture in various regions grasped the "test field" in person. In the autumn harvest season, reports of 10,000 kilograms of grain per mu came one after another. What's more, mu yield not only produces 10,000 kg of grain, but also produces 100,000 kg of grain.

On October 1, 1958, the Tianjin Daily reported that the Xinli Village rice trial field in the eastern suburbs of Tianjin had a yield of 120,000 jin per mu, and said that people could sit on the rice paddies in the field and let the people visit. On the two days of October 8 and 10, the Tianjin Daily reported the "test field" of Tianjin Shuanglin Farm, which produced 126,339 kg of rice per mu. It's really overwhelming. Mao Zedong personally inspected the "experimental field" of Xinli Village. Since it was affirmed by the leader, it became famous throughout the country.

Xinli Village is located in the eastern suburbs of Tianjin, and various units in the city have organized personnel to study. Actually, what do you see when you are in the field? In an acre of land, rice is planted next to each other, and there is no gap, just like a big stack of rice.

How are these rice grown? How is it managed? The introducer said that it is a method of dense planting, deep digging the land, applying more fertilizer, using a blower to ventilate inside during the day, and lighting at night.

When I was studying in elementary school, the teacher asked our children to recite the "eight-character constitution", and that was the mantra about planting crops.

3

As a child, the famous slogan that students would recite is: "Communism is paradise, and the People's Commune is a bridge." "How bold are people and how productive are land."

At that time, the high-yield "satellite" on the agricultural front continued to rise, and the good news of the bumper harvest kept coming, which also greatly promoted the industrial front. In order to learn about agricultural experience, some Communist Youth League committees organized young cadres to visit the agricultural harvest exhibition in Baoding City, Hebei Province. In Baoding, watch the exhibition during the day and engage in discussions at night. At that time, Xushui County was the most famous. Because in the process of the "Great Leap Forward," Xushui County once released 1.2 million catties of acres of real estate yam, 120,000 catties of wheat, 5,000 catties of lint, and 2,000 catties per mu of grain in the county. When Chairman Mao Zedong visited Xushui County on August 4, 1958, Zhang Guozhong, the secretary of the county party committee, personally reported to Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong praised him after hearing it. Since then, the name Xushui County has been heard all over the country, and it has become a star of the "Great Leap Forward" for a while, leading party and government cadres from all over have come here to learn lessons.

When people enter the county town of Xushui, the first thing that catches their eyes is the huge slogan: "Communism is paradise, and the People's Commune is a bridge", "How bold are people and how productive are they." It turned out that these slogans were created by Xu Shuiren.

When Mao Zedong came to inspect the Eighth Waterfall River Agricultural Society in Xushui County, Hebei Province, he saw bright murals painted on the walls of the village: young people climbed the corn stalks that pierced the blue sky; the old man took peanuts bigger than the boat Shell, floating across the ocean, traveling around the world; Chang'e descended from the Moon Palace to the farmland to pick the big cotton peach...

The secretary of the county party committee reported to Mao Zedong that this year the average yield per mu of the county reached two thousand catties and the total output reached 1.2 billion catties. In addition, to enlarge the satellite, the yield of yam per mu is 1.2 million kg, the yield of a cabbage is 520 kg, the yield of wheat is 120,000 kg, and that of lint is 5000 kg. In addition, to enlarge the satellite, the yield of yam per mu is 1.2 million kg, the yield of a cabbage is 520 kg, the yield of wheat is 120,000 kg, and that of lint is 5000 kg.

Mao Zedong asked: "You have to collect so much food! How can you eat so much food for your 310,000 population in the county? What if you have more food?"

County Party Secretary: "There is more grain for machines."

Mao Zedong asked again: "You can't run out of machines. It doesn't mean that you have a lot of food. If you change machines, what will you do if you don't want yours?"

"Then we use yam to make alcohol."

"Then every county makes alcohol, where did you use so much alcohol!"

"We're just thinking about how to fight more food."

"Also consider how to eat more food. In fact, it is better to have more food. If there is more, the country does not want it, no one wants it. The members eat more food by themselves. It is enough to eat five meals a day!"

Mao Zedong also said, "What if you can’t eat so much food? If you have too much food, you will plant less land, work half a day, and engage in culture, science, culture and entertainment. ?"

When asked what name to change the production company, the president said "farm."

Because the Soviet Union already had the name collective farm, Mao Zedong said: "It's better to call the People's Commune."

Since then, the "People's Commune" has generally blossomed throughout the country.

4

People’s communes are being built in rural areas across the country, and communes have also been learned in the city, that is, the rise of public canteens. I also went to the public canteens in the canteens to drink porridge, but that was not a few days. These public canteens are all bankrupt.

A major event is happening in Chinese politics, of course, I learned it later. This "later" time is very long. Almost half a century has passed.

This must start from the Lushan Conference held in 1959.

The Lushan Conference includes two important meetings: the enlarged meeting of the Politburo held by the Party Central Committee in Lushan, Jiangxi Province from July 2 to August 1, and the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Party Central Committee held from August 2 to 16.

From July 2 to August 1, 1959, the Party Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Lushan, Jiangxi. Members of the Politburo and the first secretary of the party committees of various provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, and responsible comrades of some departments of the central and state organs participated. meeting. The original agenda for this meeting was to sum up experience and lessons, adjust indicators, and continue to correct "leftist" errors.

Mao Zedong spoke at the meeting and asked 19 questions for discussion.

From July 3 to 10, the meeting will be held in small groups according to six regions. During the discussion, the comrades present the situation, discuss opinions, hold meetings and study, talk freely, express their own views, relaxed and lively, lively and lively, without a little tension, everyone calls it the "Fairy Club".

At the meeting, there were two differences of opinion on how to estimate the domestic situation. Some comrades believed that rural canteens, supply systems, and "communist winds" damaged the enthusiasm of farmers. They should proceed from reality and carefully sum up the experience and lessons of 1958; It is very dissatisfied to criticize the errors and shortcomings in the actual work.

On July 10, Mao Zedong addressed the group leader’s meeting, emphasizing that the general route was nothing more than quick and easy, and it would not be wrong, and said that the “Great Leap Forward” and the shortcomings in the people’s commune movement were wrong with one finger and nine fingers. The problem.

After Mao Zedong's speech, the meeting continued to discuss the "Agreed Records of Lushan Meeting" in groups and was ready to end on July 15.

5

On the evening of July 14, Marshal Peng Dehuai, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of National Defense, wrote a letter to Mao Zedong in response to the objective problems at that time, talked about his inconvenience at the group meeting, and stated his views on the situation since 1958. "Left" leans on the error and its lessons learned, this "opinion" was later referred to as the "Book of Words".

In his letter, Marshal Peng Dehuai first affirmed that the achievements of the Great Leap Forward in 1958 were correct; and then pointed out that the problem of the Great Leap Forward was, "Now, the basic construction in 1958 now seems that some projects are too hasty, and some of the funds have been dispersed. It was a shortcoming to postpone part of the must-have project", "In 1959, not only did we not slow down the pace and properly controlled it, but we also continued to make great strides, which made the imbalances not adjusted in time and added a new temporary "Difficulties", he pointed out bluntly: "Flamboyant winds, small blast furnaces, etc., are just superficial phenomena; the lack of democracy and personal worship is the root cause of all these ills."

On July 16, Mao Zedong suddenly instructed to send Peng Dehuai's letter to all comrades present. Subsequently, the meeting turned to the discussion of the letter. At the panel meeting, Huang Kecheng, Zhou Xiaozhou, Zhang Wentian and other speeches believed that the general spirit of the letter was good, and agreed with Peng Dehuai's letter.

On July 23, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the conference, arguing that Peng Dehuai's letter showed "bourgeois volatility", an attack on the party and a program of right-wing opportunism.

Since then, the meeting has turned to expose and criticize the so-called "right-wing opportunism" and "anti-Party bloc" issues of Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, and Zhou Xiaozhou.

From August 2nd to 16th, 1959, the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth CPC Central Committee was held in Lushan.

There were 75 members of the Central Committee and 74 alternate members of the Central Committee. 14 people from the relevant central government departments and the first secretary of the party committees of all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions attended the meeting.

The topics of this meeting: First, criticize Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou, etc.; Second, discuss and adjust the indicators of the 1959 economic plan; Mao Zedong made several speeches during the meeting.

The plenary passed the "Resolved Error Resolution on the Anti-Party Group headed by Comrade Peng Dehuai", "Decision on Revoking the Secretary of the Central Secretariat of Comrade Huang Kecheng", "The Resolution to Fight the General Line of the Party and Fight against Right Opportunism", " Resolution on the Implementation of the Campaign to Increase Production and Save and the Communiqué of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China; The Plenary Meeting decided to revoke the defense ministers, chief of general staff, and secretary of the central government who were served by Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, and Zhou Xiaozhou respectively Secretary of the Department, the first deputy minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the first secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, but retain their positions as members of the Central Committee, alternate members of the Central Committee, Politburo members and alternate members of the Politburo in order to observe the aftereffects.

In fact, as early as July 1, 1959, on the eve of the Lushan Conference, Mao Zedong wrote a poem "Deng Lushan". From the poem, it can be seen vaguely that Mao Zedong's state of mind at the time of the complex situation at home and abroad:

Yishan Feizhi Riverside,

Four hundred spins on the onion cage.

Looking at the world with cold eyes,

The hot wind blew the rain across the river.

Yunheng Nine factions supported the Yellow Crane,

The three Wus of the waves are white smoke.

Tao Ling did not know where to go,

Can the peach field be cultivated?

Some scholars believe that Peng Dehuai’s letter at the time was actually aimed at the State Chairman Liu Shaoqi, who has less qualifications and more power than himself; and some scholars believe that Mao Zedong had resented Peng Dehuai before. Mao Zedong said: "'The initiator, "No future," I don't have any future? China's habit, the boy is called Youhou, the girl is not counted. My son was killed, one son was mad, I don't think there are descendants." Because Peng Dehuai did not during the Korean War Take care of his son Mao Anying, causing Mao Anying to die unexpectedly.

Despite the passage of time and the passage of time, can anyone really say this history? History has always been written by successful people.

All I can know are the past events I experienced in my childhood and childhood. These past events are just the memories of a small person's childhood, and his beautiful golden years have been crushed into a pile of bubbles by the political vortex. Waiting for yourself is still a period of misery and hopelessness.