Liberate yourself Chapter 36

1

On June 25, 1950, ten days before my birth, the Korean War broke out. As the situation in North Korea has turned sharply, it has caused great pressure on China. The issue of sending troops to North Korea has been placed in front of Chinese leaders as an emergency plan. After receiving the letter of assistance from North Korea’s highest leader Kim Il Sung, Mao Zedong listened to different opinions on the issue of whether to send troops or not, Mao Zedong said: "What you said makes sense, but others are in crisis, we stand beside Look, how to say, I feel sad." Resisting the US and helping the DPRK is to defend the country and protect the country. The core leadership of China believes that from the point of view of an inevitable contest between the Chinese people and US imperialism, sooner or later, it is better to fight later than early, and it can be rebuilt.

Mao Zedong issued the "Order on the Formation of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army" and announced Peng Dehuai as the commander and political commissar of the volunteer army. Since then, "anti-American aid to North Korea, protect the home and protect the country" has become a household slogan, and has become a practical action.

After fierce battlefield battles, American soldiers lost the war. At 10 a.m. on July 27, 1953, the United States and the DPRK and China officially signed the North Korean Armistice Agreement in Panmunjom, south of the 38th parallel. At 22:00 that night, the two sides ceased fire at the same time, and North Korea achieved a ceasefire. Compared with the military demarcation line before the negotiations, the DPRK and China jointly advanced 332.6 square kilometers to the south. The three-year war against US aggression and North Korea ended.

My father told me that on the Korean battlefield, many heroes have emerged from the Chinese People's Volunteer Army.

In order to protect the whole, Qiu Shaoyun ignored self-sacrifice in order to win victory; Huang Jiguang used his chest to block the enemy’s guns for victory in battle; Yang Gensi fought until there was only one person left, so he picked up the explosive bag and died with the enemy; Luo Shengjiao In order to rescue North Korean children, he jumped into the ice cave and gave his life...

These hero stories told by my father affected my life.

2

Both my father and his younger brother joined the New Fourth Army and the Communist Party, and later transferred from the army to work locally. My father's three brothers, my father's elder brother is called "Guan Jin", my father's name is "Guan Rong", and my father's younger brother is "Guan Pei". Later, the three brothers changed their names to "Zhifang", "Zhirui" and "Zhiyun".

My father’s eldest brother later joined the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army, because his two younger brothers joined the People’s Liberation Army, and he cannot be left behind.

I once asked my father: "Your eldest brother joined the Volunteer Army, is he also a hero?"

Father did not answer.

Later, I learned from my mother's mouth that his father's elder brother became a captive of the American devil on the Korean battlefield. After the armistice, he was captured and returned to China. This poor uncle wanted to be a hero and was humiliated by the captives. He never looked up in his life.

My father and uncle did not like their brother because it was not only him who became the captive of the American devil.

Later, I learned from my uncle that he had asked their elder brother before joining the New Fourth Army with his father, hoping to get some funding.

At that time, my uncle lived in the area of ​​Kongjiang Road and opened a small grocery store. My father and uncle saw the uncle on the door in the distance and closed the shop. But my father and uncle dare not move forward. That night, my father and uncle were sleeping under a big truck by the road.

At dawn, my father saw the uncle came out and removed the door panel. He took my uncle's courage and walked up. The result was condemned by the uncle: "What are you doing here?"

Uncle only gave my father and uncle money to buy bread, and then sent the brothers away.

On this matter, my mother always condemned my uncle and cut off the contact.

3

After my father transferred back to Shanghai from Shenyang, he took me to his elder brother's house to play. His eldest brother lives near Kongjiang Road. However, due to the obstruction of my mother, we later lost contact with my father's elder brother, so I still don't know the real situation of his family.

Although his father did not participate in the Korean War, as a soldier, he was very satisfied with the victory and successful transformation of the Liaoshen Campaign. He has been engaged in education since the army retired. He attaches great importance to the role of education and hopes that he can make continuous progress in education and education.

My father transferred back to Shanghai from Shenyang to work, and he still works in education. However, he never imagined that when the anti-right struggle was about to end, his father was severely criticized by his work unit because he did not complete the number of targets for "achieving a crackdown on the right."

 The "Anti-Rightist Movement" was the first large-scale political movement initiated by the Communist Party of China in 1957 after the founding of the People's Republic of China and spread to all levels of society. The main result is to determine the "right" identity for unprecedented people.

On April 25, 1956, Mao Zedong gave a speech on "Ten Relations" at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China. A month later, Lu Dingyi, Minister of the Central Propaganda Department, delivered a speech entitled "Let's Let the Hundred Flowers Bloom and Fight for Hundred Schools", "Promote the freedom of independent thinking, the freedom of debate, the freedom of creation and creation in literary and artistic works. Scientific research The freedom to criticize has the freedom to express one's own opinion, to stick to one's own opinion and to retain one's own opinion."

On May 1, 1957, "People's Daily" published the "Rectification Movement Directive" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 27, and decided to launch an anti-bureaucratic, sectarian, and subjective rectification movement. As part of the whole party. It calls on people outside the party to "speech", encourage the masses to put forward their ideas and opinions, and can also express opinions to the Communist Party and the government to help the Communist Party rectify its rectification. Therefore, people from all walks of life, mainly intellectuals, began to express dissatisfaction or suggest improvements to the party and government. The press also followed up and issued various voices. This period of time is called "big tweet and let go." This move made his father and all intellectuals feel that the Communist Party was very suitable for self-criticism.

4

In the late stage of the big fight, some criticisms of the Communist Party and the Chinese Communist government were very fierce and sharp. Some of the remarks even proposed the arguments of "the Communist Party and the democratic parties take turns sitting together" and "the opposition world", far exceeding the tolerance limit of the Communist Party. In addition, the Soviet Union’s Khrushchev issued a secret report against Stalin after he took office, which gave Mao Zedong and other Chinese Communist leaders the doubt and fear of being “restored”.

On May 15, 1957, Mao Zedong wrote "The Things Are Changing" to comrades within the party to read. "People's Daily" published an editorial "Why?" ", reminding people that "a small number of rightists in the name of'helping the Communist Party to rectify the wind' attempted to take the opportunity to overthrow the Communist Party and the working class and overthrow the great cause of socialism", but the editorial also pointed out at the end that "the Communist Party still has to Rectification, we still have to listen to all good-faith criticism from non-Party people," laying the groundwork for the future introduction of snakes. On the same day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Organizing Forces to Prepare to Counter Attack by Rightists." On June 14, People's Daily published another editorial, "Wenhui Daily Bourgeois Direction", named the critics of "Wenhui Daily" and "Guangming Daily", saying "let everyone speak, some people say it is a conspiracy, we say This is a Yangmou. Because the enemy was told in advance: the ox, ghost, and snake gods can only be annihilated by letting them out of the cage, and the poisonous weeds can only be easily hoeed if they are unearthed." It is said that this editorial was written by Mao Zedong himself. Soon, President Zhang Bojun of Guangming Daily, Chief Editor Chu Anping, Luo Longji and Pu Xixiu of Wenhui Daily were criticized.

But there are also many people who think that "leading the snake out of the hole" and "yangmou" are just pretexts. A person named Li Zhisui recalled: "Mao Zedong's move was estimated to be wrong. In the end, he slept in bed almost all day, feeling depressed, caught a cold, and called me back. His sleep was more irregular. Mao Zedong felt He became a "dang" of the democratic parties, and his self-confidence was greatly frustrated, so Mao Zedong was ready to "reform" the democrats."

Regardless of this, the anti-right movement to find the "right" among intellectuals began here.

5

On October 15, 1957, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a "Circular of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on "Standards for the Classification of Rightists"", which includes the standard for "rightists" and the standard for "extreme rightists." In short, the opposition to the Communist Party and its policies are the right, and the leaders are far-right.

This "notice" clearly defines several criteria, that is, those with "oppose..." are all classified as rightists. Such as:

Against the socialist system. Oppose the socialist revolution in cities and rural areas, and oppose the basic social and economic policies of the Communist Party and the People's Government (such as industrialization, monopoly, monopoly, etc.); deny the achievements of the socialist revolution and socialist construction; adhere to the capitalist stand and promote the capitalist system And bourgeois exploitation.

Against the dictatorship of the proletariat and against democratic centralism. Attacking the struggle against anti-imperialism and the foreign policy of the people's government; attacking the fight against the anti-revolutionaries; denying the achievements of the "five major movements"; opposing the transformation of bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals; attacking the personnel system and the Communist Party and the people's government Cadre policy; requires bourgeois political law and cultural education to replace socialist political law and cultural education.

Oppose the leadership of the Communist Party in the political life of the country. Oppose the leadership of the Communist Party in economic and cultural undertakings; maliciously attack the leading organs and leaders of the Communist Party and the People's Government with the aim of opposing socialism and the Communist Party, slander the workers and peasant cadres and revolutionary activists, and slander the revolutionary activities and organizational principles of the Communist Party .

To split the unity of the people for the purpose of opposing socialism and the Communist Party. Inciting the masses to oppose the Communist Party and the People's Government; inciting the division of workers and peasants; inciting the division among all ethnic groups; slandering the socialist camp, inciting the division among the people of the socialist camp.

Organize and actively participate in small groups that oppose socialism and the Communist Party; conspire to overthrow the leadership of the Communist Party in a certain department or a grassroots unit; incite riots against the Communist Party and the People's Government.

Ideas for the rightists who commit the above crimes, pull relations, communicate information, and report to them the secrets of the revolutionary organization.

Ambitionists, leaders, masterminds and backbones in the activities of the right.

Those who put forward programmatic opinions on anti-party and anti-socialism and actively advocate such opinions.

Those who carried out anti-Party and anti-socialist activities were particularly harsh and resolute.

Those who have always been anti-communist and anti-people in history, and actively engaged in reactionary activities in this right-side attack.

...

According to this standard for dividing the right, in the specific implementation, especially in the later period of the movement, many units simplified the standard and specified the percentage of rightists for the subordinate units, causing many people to be wronged.

6

Soon after his father transferred from Shenyang to Shanghai, he had no deep personal relationships and had family disputes. Therefore, his father was regarded as an indicator that should be implemented. He was put on the hat of the right and chased the anti-right struggle. This was only known to me after my father was vindicated. My father was used as an indicator in the "anti-rightists" and was enlarged.

According to statistics in the course of the anti-rightist movement in 1978, in the "anti-right movement" in 1957 and the "anti-rightist supplementary route" in 1958, China seized a total of 550,000 "rightist elements."

In 1958, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China imposed six types of punishments on designated rightists according to the severity of the crimes: from reeducation through labor, labor supervision, retention inspection, removal, demotion, demotion, and exemption from crime. Administrative sanctions. The rightists who were punished by the first two types were forced to leave their original jobs and go to the borders, rural areas and prisons to perform heavy manual labor. Many of these rightists have died due to overwork and imminent national famine. My father was placed on the heavy penalty list and sent to Baimaoling Farm in Anhui Province for labor education. Fortunately, he was not killed in that land.

Rightists who stay in the city will be punished for doing manual work that no one wants to do, such as cleaning the toilet, etc., or continuing their original work when discriminated against. Others committed suicide because of insults. Generally speaking, the big rightists appointed by the central government that have certain influence in the world and at home and hold leadership positions in the central government, such as Zhang Bojun and Luo Longji, are less affected. Most of them reduced their treatment and eliminated administrative duties. Many grass-roots right-wingers have experienced relatively tragic fate, and some have died in this country.

Since 1958, some rightists have gradually abolished this status, known as "right-hand beheading." During the Cultural Revolution, most "rightists" and "right-handers" were hit again. After undergoing a series of crackdowns on the counter-revolutionary movement, the anti-rightist movement, the Cultural Revolution and other rectification movements, plus the time factor, only 20,000 people survived to the right of the right-wing rebellion in 1978.

In Mao Zedong’s own words: “What is Qin Shihuang? He only killed 460 Confucians, we suppressed 46,000 Confucians. We are fighting back, aren’t we killing some counter-revolutionary intellectuals? After I debated with the Democrats, you scolded us Qin Shihuang , Wrong, we are one hundred times more than Qin Shihuang. They accused us of being a dictator Qin Shihuang, and we have always admitted. Unfortunately, your speech is not enough, we often need to add." Mao Zedong in 1958 in May 2014 These words were made at the second meeting of the Eighth National People's Congress held on the 8th. After speaking, my father was sent to the labor camp for exactly two months.

After the successful completion of the first five-year plan in 1957, the leaders of the Communist Party of China's anti-right movement believed that they must also overcome the "right wing" in their economic plan, that is, they believed that the power and construction of the masses were faster than capitalism. socialism. In 1958, at the second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the "general line" of "spirit, struggle upstream, and rapid construction of economic socialism" was added, as well as the People's Commune and "Big National". The "leap" that began quickly in the same year was collectively referred to as the "three red flags." The central task of the country changed from political anti-right to economic construction, and the anti-right movement gradually stopped.

Strange Chinese politics not only destroyed my family, but also the entire country.