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When I was a kid, I had a wide range of interests. I liked painting, paper-cutting, and carving, and covered almost all the production of folk art. Not only do I study Chinese traditional folk crafts, but I also like to study history, customs, and develop research on local culture and geography. This also involves the love of folk tales and legends, as well as literary creation and photography. Now think about it carefully, this is not what the teacher taught me, but originated from the mother's teachings.
Whenever I miss my mother, I will never forget the art of my mother.
The mother's education is not high, and she only wants to graduate from primary school. Her studies may not be outstanding, and she never talks about how she does her homework. But she has always boasted of her female prowess, which is famous throughout the school.
I don't understand what is "female red"? The mother said: "When I was in school, all girls must learn female red. Female red is a craft that a woman must learn. After learning this craft, she will not be hungry in the future. And she will be respected by others. Find happiness from female red craftsmanship and learn more knowledge."
I remembered my mother’s words, but I still didn’t understand.
It was not until later that I realized that the female red that my mother said originally meant needlework for women.
Female red belongs to a part of Chinese folk art. In the past, it mostly referred to women’s needlework, such as weaving, knitting, sewing, embroidery, patchwork, patchwork embroidery, cut flowers, paste dyeing, etc. For "female red".
The characteristics of Chinese female celebrity art is an art that emphasizes the timing, geographical location, beauty of the material and skillfulness. This female celebrity technique has been inherited from mother and daughter and mother-in-law from generation to generation, so it can also be called "Mother's Art".
Female red can be roughly divided into nine categories: textile, paste dyeing, sewing, embroidery, shoes and hats, knitting, cut flowers, face flowers, toys and so on.
Female red, in the old days, also refers to women's textile, sewing, embroidery and other work and the finished products of these jobs. "Female Red" was originally written as "Female Worker", but it was developed from time to time. People are more accustomed to use the term "Female Worker" to refer to female workers engaged in textile, sewing, embroidery and other work. Its original meaning is instead placed in a subordinate position. To avoid confusion, people use "red" as a variant of "worker", the original meaning of "female worker" is transferred to the word "female red", and it itself is successfully transformed and reborn by another meaning.
"Modern Chinese Dictionary" is explained in this way: it used to refer to the work of women in textiles, sewing, embroidery and the finished products of these works.
The interpretation of "Ci Hai" is more comprehensive: female workers, (1) also made "female merit", "female red". Used to refer to textiles, embroidery, sewing and other things done by women. (2) Old refers to women who are female red. This refers to women workers. Female Gong, same as "Female Worker".
There are quite a few records about female red in ancient Chinese literature:
"Huainanzi · Qi Xunxun": "The splendid embezzlement group, also hurt female workers."
"Book of Rites · Suburban Special Livestock": "The beauty of the embroidered satin, the sparse cloth, the beginning of anti-women workers."
"Historical Records of Biography of Goods": "Tai Gong persuaded his female skills, skillful, pass fish salt."
"Han Dynasty · Emperor Ai Ji": "Qi three service officials, all officials weave embroidered, difficult to achieve, harm to women's red things, everything, no loss."
Yan Shi's ancient note quoted Ruchun as saying: "Red also works."
Wu Zhi, "In Yuancheng and Prince Wei's Notes": "Women chanting in the machine."
"Peach Blossom Fan Qi Zhen": "Yong thread lazy needles, used to be female red."
There are many records about female red in ancient Chinese literature:
"Huainanzi · Qi Xunxun": "The splendid embezzlement group, also hurt female workers."
"Book of Rites · Suburban Special Livestock": "The beauty of the embroidered satin, the sparse cloth, the beginning of anti-women workers."
"Historical Records of Biography of Goods": "Tai Gong persuaded his female skills, skillful, pass fish salt."
"Han Dynasty · Emperor Ai Ji": "Qi three service officials, all officials weave embroidered, difficult to achieve, harm to women's red things, everything, no loss."
Yan Shi's ancient note quoted Ruchun as saying: "Red also works."
Wu Zhi, "In Yuancheng and Prince Wei's Notes": "Women chanting in the machine."
"Peach Blossom Fan Qi Zhen": "Yong thread lazy needles, used to be female red."
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Female red has a long history.
From raising silkworms to planting cotton to spinning and weaving fabrics, from threading needles to sewing clothes, it is a great progress of human civilization. In the history of Chinese civilization for five thousand years, textile and clothing are two beautiful and dazzling flowers. Therefore, it has a long history of women's red work closely related to it.
According to archaeological discoveries, in the Paleolithic age of 18,000 years ago, cavemen have used bone needles to sew animal skins; in the Neolithic Age more than 7,000 years ago, the Hemudu people not only used bone needles, but also used twisted threads Hefang wheel; and Liangzhu culture more than 4,000 years ago, there were original textiles such as twine and silk, silk thread and ribbon, which formed the prototype of female red and its supplies.
The agricultural society in China for more than 3,000 years has not only established the idea of taking agriculture as the foundation, but also formed the tradition of men plowing and weaving women. Women have learned flower embroidery, spinning and weaving, tailoring and sewing since childhood. It is particularly valued in the Jiangnan area. Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the society’s requirements for women and the husband’s standards for wife selection were all measured by four aspects: “morality, words, tolerance, and work”. . Coupled with the highly developed handicraft industry at that time, female red was only widely popularized in a general sense during this period.
As a female red work closely related to people's daily life, it is also reflected in ancient works of art.
The first ancient poem my mother taught me was "You Zi Yin" by the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Jiao:
Mother hands line, wandering clothing.
Departure thick seam, meaning fear of delay in return.
Whoever speaks of being in the grass is rewarded with Sanchunhui.
My mother told me: "If the child grows up, be aware of it."
Whenever I reread this wonderful poem that has been used by people for thousands of years to encourage me to show my gratitude, I will naturally recreate in my eyes the picture of my mother sewing clothes for us.
Qin Taoyu, another poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "The Poor Girl", which portrayed a girl who was good at the needlework and the girl's grievances of the poor family girl. At the same time, she also expressed the emotion of the poet's lack of talent:
Pengmen didn't know Qiluoxiang and planned to rely on good media to hurt herself.
Anyone who loves high-profile, pity the world and frugally dress.
Dare to praise the ten fingers, do not make the double eyebrows long.
Hate to press the gold thread every year and make wedding clothes for others!
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The earliest traces of female red pictures reflected in ancient Chinese paintings can be traced back to Tang Dynasty painter Zhang Xuan's "Training Map"; then there is the whitewashed "Training Map" in the Jin Dynasty tomb unearthed in Jingxing County, Hebei. They reproduce the female scenes of the palace and the folk. The fan face of embroidered ladies painted by the painter Ren Xun in the Qing dynasty showed an ancient lady who used the embroidered house red as a pastime and cultivated a luxurious life.
In addition, there are many celebrities and anecdotes about female red myths and legends. In the Warring States Period, Xunzi's "Silkworm Fu" and Jin Dynasty's Qianbao "Sou Shen Ji" both have the myth of the silkworm god Matou Niang; the Ming Dynasty Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu" has a legend about the weaver; Meng Meng shut down with a shutdown The story about the education of Mencius by analogy to the abolition of the study was compiled by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty in the Biography of the Columns of Women; in the "Nan Village Dropping Farm" written by Tao Zongyi in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, the female spinner Huang Daopo of the Yuan Dynasty was recorded Deeds.
Of course, female masters since ancient times are also endless. It is said that Mrs. Wu Wangzhao of the Three Kingdoms period has the "three musts" unique skill: it can be woven into a brocade of dragons and phoenixes with colored silk in the fingertips; it is possible to embroider a map of the "Five Yue Kingdoms" on the square silk with needle thread It is for "needling of needles"; it is also for "silking of silk" that the light silk mantle is attacked by the glue.
According to legend, there was a strange woman Lu Meiniang in the first year of Yongzheng in the Tang Dynasty. At just 14 years old, she could embroider seven volumes of "Fahua Jing" on a foot of silk. The characters are only the size of a millet, and the points are clearly defined. However, there is no omission in the title and sentence. In the Ming Dynasty, Gu embroidered in Shanghai was outstanding, famous all over the world, and the representative of the embroidered master was Han Ximeng. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was also a well-known female red embroidery expert Shen Shou. He once went to the palace to teach embroidery techniques, run embroidery schools and female red training institutes. In order to better study embroidery, he even went to Japan to investigate. In addition, "Xue Huan Embroidery Spectrum" female red monograph was published, which had a far-reaching impact. In terms of clothing, I am afraid that the ultimate costume is more than the official robe of the royal aristocrat, Feng Guanxia. However, it is regrettable that with the passage of time, the progress of society, the development of science and technology, mechanization has replaced manual work, and the female red has also been greatly affected. The original girl, the girl, and the girl’s wife must do the female red work. The women's red utensils such as: scissors iron sewing box, thimble measuring tool winding board, needle puller scraper water bottle, embroidery scaffold needle thread basket, etc., have long faded out of people's lives, withdrew from the stage of history, and gradually been forgotten or even by people Abandoned, and there are few records about these female sex toys, which is extremely difficult to find. In today's collection industry, female red appliances are simply miscellaneous items among miscellaneous items, which are not valued by people.
Perhaps it was influenced by my mother. I have a special liking for female red art. Not only do I collect some folk needle boxes, but also preserve the ruler and thimble 㧜 used by my mother during her lifetime. I also kept the pair of embroidered slippers that my mother wore during her lifetime. The half-knitted wool that I cherished was knitted the day before my mother died. She left me at the age of 86. On my fiftieth birthday, my mother specially embroidered a "tiger" picture for me. At that time, my mother was eighty years old.
Female red art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. As a carrier of female red culture, female red utensils have their own unique charm. After all, she has a history of thousands of years along with human civilization, and is inseparable from people's daily lives, closely connected with the national customs of various places, and has a deep social culture. As long as it is other artwork, the pattern content of traditional Chinese culture that can be reflected on daily necessities is also reflected on the female red utensils, especially on the winding board.
I have a special interest in Chinese female celebrities. The Chinese female red artwork combines ornamental value and practical functions, and it has won my love. The female red appliances that have been far from people's daily life gradually come back to me. She not only evokes my long-lost memories of Chinese female red, but the late appreciation also evokes my miss for my mother. The mother's life preserved the connotation and spirit of traditional Chinese culture.
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