Wake up（326）

 

326

 

When Old Pan was chatting with Nanyangsheng, he suddenly told Nanyangsheng the story of the idiom "dominant and domineering". He said: Liang Ji during Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty, because his younger sister was the queen, and his father was an official of the general, so his official position became bigger and bigger, and he became a general later. Liang Ji relied on his power, committed all kinds of evil, and was very arrogant. Once, his father's friend Lu Fang told his father about his bad behavior, and he held a grudge and secretly sent someone to kill Lu Fang. Later, he blamed others and killed innocent people.

Liang Ji was very greedy, and the state and county officials had to pay him money, silver, pearls and treasures, otherwise he would be charged with arbitrary crimes and arrested and questioned. Once, Liang Ji wanted to use a horse as collateral to borrow 50 million from the rich man Shi Sun Fen, but Shi Sun Fen only lent 30 million. Angry, Liang Ji accused Shi Sun Fen's mother of stealing his family's white beads and purple gold. As a result, Shi Sun Fen and his brothers were imprisoned and all their property was confiscated.

After Han Zhidi came to the throne, the young Zhidi knew that Liang Ji was arrogant and hated him. During a gathering, Emperor Zhi looked at Liang Ji and said to the ministers: "This is a domineering general!" Liang Ji was very resentful when he heard this. On that day, Emperor Zhi was poisoned to death by someone sent by Liang Ji with poisoned wine.

Later, Liang Ji became the empress dowager and the queen's two younger sisters died successively, and Liang Guiren was favored by Emperor Huan. Liang Guiren's real name was Deng Meng, his father died early, and his mother Xuanshi remarried to Liang Ji, a relative of Liang Ji. Seeing her beauty, Liang Ji's wife thought of her as a goddaughter, changed her surname to Liang, and sent her to the palace, where she was favored. Fearing that her mother, Xuan Shi, would reveal the truth, Liang Ji sent someone to assassinate her, but the assassin was discovered and caught by her neighbor. When the Xuan family learned of this situation, they went into the palace and cried to Emperor Huan. At this time, Emperor Huan was very dissatisfied with Liang Ji's rampant behavior, so he summoned some ministers Shang Yi, decided to get rid of Liang Ji, and immediately sent more than 1,000 warriors to surround Liang Ji's mansion. Liang Ji and his wife knew that they had committed a serious crime and committed suicide that day.

Lao Pantou said to Nanyang Sheng: This idiom has a deep meaning. The so-called domineering is generally a description of the indulgence, arrogance, tyranny, and unreasonableness of people with a certain social status or power. Domineering people always appear in front of others as "invariably correct". Always adopt an attitude of contempt for others, and treat others with a "snobbish" and very unequal attitude. If a group has too many domineering people. Then, the interpersonal relationship of this group must be very tense. Mao Zedong's arbitrariness made him many enemies. Peng Dehuai, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, and Zhou Enlai all died under his arbitrariness. Therefore, we must consciously learn to endure, because only by being able to endure and learn to endure, can we avoid our own flying and overthrowing. Deng Xiaoping used his low-key learning to endure and get ahead. But Deng Xiaoping was also a domineering man. Under his arbitrariness, Hua Guofeng, Hu Yaobang, and Zhao Ziyang all came to the end of their lives.

But in the real society, the more the group is afraid of domineering, the more extreme the domineering person will be; and the more extreme the domineering person is, the more he will be welcomed by the grassroots. Status, fame is the most powerful right. Those who profess "I am the son of the people" always resort to jaw-dropping exaggerated promises, assertions, implications, and repetitions. Smelling the opponent also uses assertions, hints, and repetitions to convince people that the opponent is a rogue rather than an inference. Wigs are a must for judges, without which their authority would be halved. Those guys who keep saying "govern the country by law" are punks wearing wigs. The domineering and domineering of the domineering person is actually a manifestation of their own stupidity and ignorance. What they are doing is actually laughing at their own ignorance, laughing at their own stupidity.

Lao Pantou talked to Nanyang Sheng about the student movement that shocked the world.

That was the Beijing parade in early 1987, which affected colleges and universities in 18 provinces and cities and 28 cities across the country. Big-character posters and rally demonstrations appeared in these schools, and the incident shook Zhongnanhai.

On New Year's Eve, Deng Xiaoping couldn't stand it anymore, grabbed the red mobile phone and called Peng Zhen, "The reason why the student movement was so violent and the bourgeois liberalization elements were so rampant was mainly caused by Yaobang's mistakes. Through a recent period of Observation, I think it is very inappropriate for him to continue to be the general secretary. While we old people are still alive, we have the responsibility to entrust the party's heavy responsibility to the most reliable people. Comrade Peng Zhen, now is the critical moment for your speech .You come to my house quickly."

Peng Zhenxin understood, and immediately switched the car and went straight to Deng's house. That night, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, Bo Yibo, Peng Zhen, Wang Zhen and other veterans of the CCP gathered and decided to remove Hu Yaobang as general secretary.

Everyone agrees that the best way is to let "Hu Yaobang resign", "He refused to implement Comrade Xiaoping's instructions, and at the critical moment he followed the law and disobeyed, and lost the best opportunity to stop the student movement." Feng’s problem will be dealt with in the same way!”

On New Year's Day in 1987, the People's Daily published an editorial emphasizing the importance of the Four Cardinal Principles and criticizing bourgeois liberalization, which was considered to be ideological preparation for the masses.

That night, at Deng Xiaoping's home, Chen Yun, Bo Yibo, Peng Zhen, Wang Zhen, Song Renqiong and other veterans of the CCP discussed the issue of Hu Yaobang's future.

In the face of strong ideological pressure, Hu Yaobang was forced to resign. On January 2, 1987, he wrote a letter to Deng Xiaoping in the form of "opening his heart to Comrade Deng Xiaoping". Let me down" resignation wishes.

On January 4, Deng Xiaoping held a meeting at home. The participants included Chen Yun, Wan Li, Yang Shangkun, Bo Yibo, Wang Zhen, Peng Zhen, and Zhao Ziyang. During the meeting, Deng Xiaoping showed a letter from Hu Yaobang asking Deng Xiaoping to resign. After the people present at the meeting circulated the letter, Deng Xiaoping said that Hu Yaobang's resignation should be agreed, but no one expressed a different opinion at that time.

Four days after Hu Yaobang wrote the "Letter of Confidence" to Deng Xiaoping, that is, on January 6, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the No. 1 document based on the main points of Deng Xiaoping's instructions on handling student demonstrations. On the same day, Deng Xiaoping, on behalf of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Hu Yaobang, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Zhao Ziyang, Li Xiannian, and Chen Yun were elected by the Standing Committee of the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China), notified Hu Yaobang to participate in the "party life meeting". Deng Xiaoping talked to Hu Yaobang, seriously pointed out the mistakes he made, and asked him to think carefully and clean up his thoughts, words and deeds. Hu Yaobang accepted Deng Xiaoping's opinions with a heavy heart and a sincere attitude, and also made practical excuses for some inaccuracies.

From January 10th to 15th, the first-level party life meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Zhongnanhai for six consecutive days. It was chaired by Bo Yibo, deputy director of the Central Advisory Commission. Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun were not suitable to attend because of their high status, and President Li Xiannian did not attend because he was in Shanghai.

At the "party life meeting" attended by twenty or thirty senior cadres, Hu Yaobang was accused of "problems" for several days.

At the party's life meeting, Hu Yaobang first reviewed the serious mistakes he had made in violation of the party's collective leadership principle and on major political principles; he asked the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to resign as the general secretary of the Central Committee. There were 21 people who spoke at the meeting, 6 people who spoke in writing, and 2 people who did not make a formal speech and interrupted at any time. On January 10, when the life meeting began, Hu Yaobang made "my review". Hu Yaobang accepted the realistic criticism of the participants with an open mind. However, it also made a strong defense against the "crime" of someone with ulterior motives, unlimited superstitions, and fabrication of nothing.

Hu Yaobang was particularly saddened by the statement made by Wang Heshou, who had a close friendship with Hu Yaobang, was a member of the "Sixty-One Traitor Group", and Hu Yaobang tried his best to rehabilitate him. Wang Heshou, who was regarded as a friend by Hu Yaobang, not only sussed out rumors and distorted the facts, but even confessed what Hu Yaobang had said to him in private, to show that he was firm in his stand against Hu Yaobang.

Afterwards, Hu Yaobang was criticized by everyone in turn. Among them, Bo Yibo believed that Hu Yaobang visited the grassroots too many times and the area was too wide, accusing him of "going around the mountains and sightseeing, and making a sensationalism"; Yang Shangkun and Wang Zhen accused him of standing on the wrong line (that is, " Bourgeois liberalization"); Song Renqiong criticized Hu Yaobang's attitude towards Deng Xiaoping.

And Hu Yaobang was extremely indignant at the unrealistic and systematic speech of Deng Liqun, a fellow Hunanese, who spent six hours full of gunpowder. Deng Liqun's speech denounced Hu Yaobang's actions, saying that Hu Yaobang did not pay enough attention to the Four Cardinal Principles and anti-spiritual pollution, failed to unite the whole party, mainly used people with the same views as himself, and did not follow the old leaders' opinions on important personnel appointments and dismissals. wait.

Zhao Ziyang made a speech criticizing Hu Yaobang for "undisciplined".

In the face of someone who spoke infinitely above the outline and violated the facts, Deng Xiaoping had to intervene to correct him: "The life meeting will only talk about the opinions and criticisms of Comrade Hu Yaobang's major mistakes in his work, and will not summarize the comments first. These issues will be discussed later. Future generations can comment." During the recess, Hu Yaobang cried alone in the aisle, heartbroken, and suffered from a heart attack ever since. In the face of strong pressure, he can only endure and endure, and even in order to take the overall situation into consideration and protect his comrades, he adopts a comprehensive approach, taking responsibility as much as possible, some self-criticism, and many words against his will.

Xi Zhongxun was suddenly notified to come to the meeting. At the so-called life meeting, only Xi Zhongxun, who was then a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and secretary of the Central Secretariat, supported Hu Yaobang. He stepped forward, pointed at some members of the Politburo present at the meeting, and said angrily: "What are you doing? Aren’t you repeating the scene of "Forcing the Palace"? This violates the provisions of the party constitution and the party’s principles. If you start like this, it will only bring disaster to the stability and unity of the party and the country. This is against the will of the party and the people , I firmly oppose your approach!" Xi Zhongxun pointed at Bo Yibo and scolded him. It is not normal to reprimand the elders for using Cultural Revolution-style means to force the general secretary to step down, and it is against the principles of the party.

In the end, after seven days of continuous criticism, the Politburo held an enlarged meeting on January 16, approved Hu Yaobang's resignation by a show of hands, and elected Zhao Ziyang as acting general secretary. But Hu Yaobang retained his name as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, but his ranking dropped to the bottom.

On January 19, the No. 3 document of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China listed the reasons for Hu Yaobang's dismissal: "Resist the party's efforts to oppose spiritual pollution and bourgeois liberalization, and condone the demand for total Westernization; did not fully adhere to the four basic principles, only Criticize the 'left' but not the right; encourage excessive economic growth and consumption in economic work, causing the economy to lose control; often violate procedures in political work; say things that should not be said in foreign affairs activities; often do not abide by party resolutions , speaking without authorization from the central government".

At the First Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hu Yaobang was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. However, Deng Liqun and Hu Qiaomu, who worked so hard to defeat Hu at the beginning, lost their elections as members of the Central Committee because they received the least number of votes in the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

After six consecutive days of life meetings, Hu Yaobang's thoughts were greatly shaken, and he also deeply felt that the world is cold and people's hearts are unpredictable. Those people who usually nodded and smiled when they met him, and whenever he asked for advice, the other party always sang praises and promised, but now they were uncharacteristically, and overnight, they were talking and following the baton. It is difficult to uphold justice, uphold the truth, and maintain a conscience! Hu Yaobang, who hated all his life and hated soft-hearted obsequiousness, watched the development of the situation quietly, and under the watchful eyes of everyone, he further understood the mistakes pointed out by everyone, and expressed that he would continue to clean up his thoughts and make a candid inspection of the party's loyalty.

On the second day after the "Gazette" of the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was simultaneously announced by the national news media, Fu Chongbi, Hu Yaobang's old subordinate and former political commissar of the Beijing Military Region, came to his home. Fu Chongbi broke the unbearable silence:

"Yaobang, why do you want to resign? You are the general secretary elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee, how can you resign to the old man?" "I can't figure it out, I can't figure it out..."

Hu Yaobang held his comrade's hand tightly and shook his head repeatedly.

According to the "Party Constitution" of the Communist Party of China: the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is responsible for convening the meetings of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, and presiding over the work of the Secretariat of the Central Committee; the general secretary of the party is elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee. Therefore, only the plenum of the Central Committee can decide to accept his resignation. And does his resignation procedure comply with the provisions of the "Party Constitution"? It's puzzling. In front of his old comrades-in-arms, this man could not help but burst into tears.

As the saying goes: Actions are accomplished by thinking and destroyed by following. Hu Yaobang was filled with remorse. He regretted that he had no defense against others, acted without thinking twice when encountering things, and spoke casually, so that he was easily blamed, gave others a handle, was forced to resign in a hurry, and did not even consider his own inspection carefully; After careful consideration, he rushed to write a letter to Deng Xiaoping requesting to "retire". He even regretted that he should not have confessed the truth and single-handedly persuaded Deng Xiaoping to retire.

Hu Yaobang confided his difficulties to Feng Zheng, an old subordinate and close friend: "After my report was sent to the Central Committee, some people used the resignation report to make things worse and slander me. Comrade Xiaoping step aside. I told you a long time ago that I do not want to be the chairman of the Military Commission. I used to be a corps-level cadre in the army. I was only a lieutenant general according to the rank. Self-knowledge. I have also personally discussed this issue with Comrade Xiaoping. Alas, I can’t help but say..."

As Hu Yaobang talked, he burst into tears. Feng Zheng couldn't help feeling pity for the old chief, and comforted him: "Comrade Yaobang, I firmly believe that you will always believe that history is fair and people's hearts are just, as you usually teach us."

See the truth in adversity. After Hu Yaobang resigned, Wu Jiang, an old subordinate and former deputy education director of the Central Party School, went to visit the old superior who "thought his mistakes behind closed doors". As soon as they met, Wu Jiang didn't say a few words of comfort, but Hu Yaobang confessed his heart frankly: "I have two surprises: one, I never thought that I could reach such a high position; the other, I never thought that I would make such a serious mistake."

Wu Jiang interjected disapprovingly: "The high position may not be really high, and the mistakes may not be so serious. Let history speak! How history will evaluate, we may not have imagined. Take the lead in setting things right, criticizing the 'two whatevers', rehabilitating a large number of unjust cases, Promoting the retirement of the elderly and opening the door to reform, etc., are all risk-taking and offending people, and you bear the brunt of the brunt. You have risen to the high position of general secretary for this, and you have paid the price for it.  … You are not It is often said that justice is at ease? As for your review..." Hu Yaobang immediately continued, "Thank you for your concern. I didn't think about that review, and I didn't discuss it with my family in advance. The review that was issued internally was not sent to me to read before it was issued."

Wu Jiang was astonished that inner-party democracy had been trampled on in this way, so he said with infinite emotion: "Someone did it. I heard that the Central Committee has noticed this problem and made severe criticism. Later, the Research Office of the Central Secretariat was abolished." An agency seems to be involved in this matter."

Old Pantou sighed to Nan Yangsheng: Although Hu Yaobang was sitting idle, he was still welcomed by reformers, intellectuals and students in the CCP.