Wake up（343）

 

343

 

Liu Xiaosheng affirmed the reform ideas of Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun, but Lao Pantou asked in bewilderment: Since the reform and opening up is correct, why are there still people denying it? Even for quite some time, the official media did not even mention the word "reform and opening up".

Liu Xiaosheng smiled: Mr. Pan asked a good question. The Chinese party media always say that the Chinese nation has a long history and has created a splendid civilization, but since modern times it has been bullied by foreign powers, poor and weak, and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been determined by the Communist Party of China since its establishment. important goal of struggle. But the current party media no longer say with great fanfare that "reform and opening up is the only way to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." According to Deng Xiaoping's words: "We must catch up with the times, and this is the goal of reform." But according to the current propaganda caliber: Now is a new era, the Deng Xiaoping era is obviously an old era, and even the Mao Zedong era is also an old era. Who divides the old and new eras? The time period for dividing the old and new China is 1949, so what year and month is the timeline for dividing the new era and the old era? No one can give an accurate answer.

Liu Xiaosheng said: Actually, it has to start with Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun.

Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun carefully thought about how to reform and the criteria for judging the success of reform, and formed a systematic view. They believed that emancipating the mind is the premise of advancing reform, and that based on China's national conditions is an important basis for the success of reform. Instability is an important guarantee for the success of reform. China's reform must be a comprehensive reform, and the relationship between reform, development and stability must be correctly handled. Is it conducive to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of a socialist country and is it conducive to improving the living standards of the people."

Emancipating the mind is the prerequisite for promoting reform. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", Hu Yaobang, with the active support and strong promotion of Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun, launched a large-scale discussion on the standard of truth, which prepared important conditions for the people to emancipate their minds and break through shackles. Hu Yaobang is no longer mentioned.

At the Central Work Conference before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping made an important speech, clearly stating: "Emancipate the mind, use your brains, seek truth from facts, and look forward with unity. The first thing is to emancipate the mind."

"A party, a country, or a nation, if everything is based on books, thinking is rigid, and superstition prevails, then it will not be able to advance, its vitality will stop, and the party and the country will perish."

"Only when our minds are liberated can we correctly follow the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, solve the problems left over from the past, solve a series of new problems that have emerged, and correctly reform the relations of production and the superstructure that are not compatible with the rapid development of productive forces. According to the actual situation of our country, determine the specific road, principles, methods and measures to realize the four modernizations."

He emphasized: "It is impossible not to emancipate the mind, and even the question of what is socialism must be emancipated."

Now, no one mentions Deng Xiaoping's theory of "emancipating the mind" again.

In the great practice of promoting reform and opening up, Chen Yun emphasized "not focusing only on books, not on excellence, but only on reality", emphasizing "comparison, exchange, and repetition", emphasizing the need to constantly learn new things, and placing emancipation of the mind on a very prominent Location.

Similarly, no one is talking about Chen Yun's "not only books, not only the best, but only reality" anymore. Everything is above all, and only above is loyalty and love for the party.

Since the second generation of the party's central leadership represented by Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun restored and established the Marxist ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the party was able to scientifically summarize the experience and lessons of socialist construction and correctly understand On the basis of our country's basic national conditions, we will gradually realize the historical stage in which our country is located, and gradually deepen our understanding of major issues such as planning, market, public ownership, and private ownership, thereby creating necessary conditions for clarifying the essence of socialism and sweeping the gap for reform and opening up. Obstacles cleared.

Based on China's national conditions is an important basis for the success of the reform. China's reform must not only emancipate the mind, but also be based on China's national conditions. China's modernization must proceed from China's reality. This is an important content of Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun's reform thoughts.

What is the national condition of China? What is the starting point of reform and development? Deng Xiaoping believed that China is characterized by a weak foundation and a large population with little arable land. China is still and will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time to come. This stage is not a necessary stage for any country to practice socialism, but unique to China. Deng Xiaoping called this kind of socialism "socialism in the primary stage".

Chen Yun believes: "We are a country with a population of one billion and 800 million farmers." "On the one hand, we are still poor, but on the other hand, it will take 20 years to realize the four modernizations by the end of this century. This is a contradiction. The large population , It is not easy to improve living standards; it is difficult to employ fewer people and find employment in the four modernizations. We can only carry out the four modernizations in this contradiction. This realistic situation is the starting point for formulating the blueprint for construction.”

It was on the basis of this understanding of national conditions that Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun believed that China’s modernization should not start too high, but must be active and steady; learning and using capitalism must be bold, but it must not be copied, let alone completely “Westernized”. ". "Copying and copying other countries' experience and models will never achieve success"; "China's affairs must be handled according to China's conditions and rely on the strength of the Chinese people themselves. Independent and self-reliant, regardless of the past, present and future, It’s where we stand.”

Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun's policies, steps and goals of reform and opening up based on China's actual design, China's reforms have progressed from rural areas to cities, from economics to politics, from point to area, from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, and from micro Step by step to the macro level and move forward steadily.

Adhering to the party's basic line is an important guarantee for the success of the reform. Starting from the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the party's second-generation central leadership represented by Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun gradually established the party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism. Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun regarded the unwavering adherence to this basic line as an important guarantee for the success of China's reforms, and repeatedly warned the entire party: "The key to adhering to the line, principles, and policies since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is to adhere to the One center, two basic points'." "The basic line must be governed for a hundred years and cannot be shaken."

In the 1980s, although Zhao Ziyang was regarded by some as a revisionist, his policy of advocating transparent government administration and listening to public opinion in formulating national policies was widely welcomed by the people.

Zhao Ziyang's definition of socialism is very different from that of conservatives in the CCP. Zhao Ziyang believes that political reform is the biggest test facing socialism. He believed that economic development and political democracy were inextricably linked.

In the late 1980s, Zhao Ziyang and Hu Yaobang jointly promoted a series of large-scale political reforms, including the election of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Responsibility etc.

Zhao Ziyang and Hu Yaobang also carried out a large-scale anti-corruption campaign, allowing the investigation of the children of high-level CCP cadres, especially those who grew up under the shadow of their parents (i.e. princelings). Many people in power were dissatisfied. After the student unrest in 1986, Hu Yaobang was accused of condoning "bourgeois liberalization". A group of party veterans forced Hu Yaobang to resign.

Zhao Ziyang later succeeded Hu Yaobang as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. One month before his appointment as General Secretary, Zhao Ziyang said in an American TV interview that he was not suitable to be General Secretary, but more suitable for managing China's economic affairs.

At that time, both China and foreign countries recognized that Zhao Ziyang was Deng Xiaoping's chosen successor. Based on the premise that China needs to carry out diversified economic reforms to stimulate production, Zhao Ziyang elaborated on the theory of the primary stage of socialism at the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1987, and pointed out that this stage will last for hundreds of years.

In creating a space for the activities of the people, Zhao Ziyang has done many things for the intellectuals and workers. Zhao Ziyang is open to the theory of democracy and is good at strategically supporting the idea of democracy and freedom.

In 1983, Zhao Ziyang and Hu Yaobang successfully resisted the "removal of spiritual pollution", and in 1987 he minimized the damage of "opposition to bourgeois liberalization". After Zhao Ziyang strategically ended the "anti-bourgeois liberalization movement" as soon as possible, he quickly expanded the freedom of the press, so that after three anti-liberalization movements in China in the 1980s, there was still a period of relaxed public opinion environment, making China's " The New Enlightenment continued.

In the 1980s, due to the emergence of bourgeois liberalization trends in China several times, the Four Cardinal Principles were criticized. Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun called on the whole party to promote and uphold the Four Cardinal Principles with confidence, to fight against wrong trends of thought, and to eliminate the bourgeoisie. Liberalization interferes with socialist modernization.

Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out: "In the whole process of reform and opening up, we must always pay attention to adhere to the four basic principles." "Educate the people to adhere to the four basic principles, which fundamentally provides a guarantee for the healthy development of our cause." "Social Where is the superiority of the socialist market economy? It lies in the four insistences."

Chen Yun emphasized: "The current economic construction in our country is socialist economic construction, and the reform of the economic system is also the reform of the socialist economic system. Every member of the Communist Party must keep in mind at all times that we are four socialists. This modernization, not other modernizations."

Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun insisted on unifying the two basic points of centering on economic construction with the four basic principles and reform and opening up in the great practice of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. They not only ensured the correct direction of reform and opening up with the four basic principles, but also The reform and opening up has endowed the four basic principles with new connotations of the times. Taking the Four Cardinal Principles as the foundation of the country and reform and opening up as the road to a strong country, in the face of changing international and domestic situations, we neither cling to the rigid political and economic system, reject reform and opening up, nor abandon the basic system of socialism And the leadership of the Communist Party of China, copying the "Western model", and implementing the so-called "shock therapy", but always adhere to the party's basic line, and continue to advance the great cause of socialism.

Obviously, the start of Zhao Ziyang's political reform was not smooth, and by the middle of 1988 it was almost at a standstill.

Liu Xiaosheng said: After the sudden "June 4th Incident" in 1989, Zhao Ziyang regarded the crisis as an opportunity and advocated peaceful means to solve the problem in order to promote political reform, but the student movement was finally suppressed by force, and Zhao Ziyang's political reform attempt failed. And was shelved by the later superiors.