Wake up（324）

 

324

 

On the world stage today, almost all the political leaders are old people in their seventies and eighties who control power, and young people cannot squeeze to the pinnacle of power. But in the online field, young people are the age group who use social media most frequently. Overall, they are more likely to be social network users than those 35 and older. This age gap exists in both developing and developed countries. On average, more than 80% of young Internet users are active on social media.

The results of the analysis show that young people browse social media platforms mainly to socialize with others and meet new friends, so young people have a unique advantage when interacting with people from different backgrounds and countries.

It cannot be ignored that in addition to socializing with their peers, young people also have more opportunities to communicate with national and world leaders through the Internet and social media, and can actively participate in conversations with government representatives and policy makers. This is a major step forward in ensuring young people's participation in the decision-making process. Even though we have the largest and most connected youth generation ever, 73% of Western societies still restrict young people from running for Congress. Globally, less than 2 percent of MPs are under 30. In China, there are very few young people who become important political figures in the country, and there seems to be zero vacancies.

When chatting with Nanyang Sheng, Lao Pantou said: Compared with the period of the Republic of China, this phenomenon is very different. The hot-blooded youth at that time became popular in China. The Whampoa Military Academy is a combination of young people, and the Yan'an Red District is also a meeting point for young people. Whether it is on the battlefield or on campus, whether it is in the city or in the countryside, there are no young people who lie flat and do not care about world affairs. Youth are the pillars of the country.

Old Pantou said that Hu Yaobang is a well-known red kid in the CCP. He devoted himself to the revolution when he was young and participated in the Long March. On December 29, 1949, with the end of the Three Taiwan Campaign, the northern Sichuan area was under the jurisdiction of the People's Liberation Army. However, after the vicissitudes of war, the social economy in the vast northern Sichuan area is on the verge of collapse, and a thousand things are waiting for prosperity. After Hu Yaobang, who was only 34 years old, led his troops to Nanchong, he began to deal with a series of urgent problems, including bandit riots besieging Yingshan, Yanting, Zhongba and other county towns and market towns; ambushing and robbing military vehicles and commercial vehicles. Subsequently, the 61st Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army also served as the North Sichuan Military Region. In February of the same year, Hu Yaobang served as the Secretary of the Party Committee of the North Sichuan District of the Communist Party of China. He took a series of effective actions and commands such as contacting the masses, organizing peasant associations and self-defense forces, and successfully disintegrated more than 73,000 bandit forces at the end of August of the same year; And production.

When promoting the CCP's policies to stabilize the political situation, the young Hu Yaobang boldly used non-Party democrats. Among the 29 members of the Northern Sichuan Administrative Office, 15 were democrats. He also made friends with business people. In 1950, the staff dormitory building of the Northern Sichuan Administrative Office was destroyed by arson. Hu Yaobang deliberately added at the end of the news review that "the paralysis and negligence of the leadership's thinking is also one of the reasons for the fire incident." Hu Yaobang's self-criticism and magnanimity were appreciated by democrats; the incident was quickly resolved through investigation. In addition, he also created and expanded North Sichuan University (now Sichuan Normal University). These measures quickly restored social order in northern Sichuan, and Hu Yaobang quickly attracted the attention of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In July 1952, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China transferred Hu Yaobang to Beijing to serve as the secretary of the Central Secretariat of the Chinese New Democratic Youth League. In the following 23 years (until June 1975), Hu Yaobang has always served and concurrently served as the first secretary of the Communist Youth League Central Committee. His life experience and influence are closely related to the Communist Youth League. Hu Yaobang has always lived with young people all his life, and he himself has always maintained the vitality of youth, daring to speak out.

Old Pantou said to Nan Yangsheng: At that time, the Chinese New Democratic Youth League was only established for three years. In terms of governance and operation, Hu Yaobang could only take exploratory methods. This has also trained him to be able to easily communicate and adopt with young people, grassroots cadres and democrats; his style of conduct and decisiveness has also been appreciated and respected by the younger generation. He put forward that "propaganda and education work is the soul of the League's work", which is still the working principle of the Communist Youth League. In 1954, he was elected as a deputy to the first National People's Congress. In September, he attended the first meeting of the first National People's Congress to discuss the draft constitution, during which he made a speech.

From 1954 to 1956, he organized and supported various youth commandos to participate in production and land reclamation, including the Great Northern Wilderness in Heilongjiang and the wasteland on the lakeside of Jiangxi. He was very concerned about the reclamation and management of the deserted beaches by the lakeside in Jiangxi, and in December 1984, he personally nominated "Gongqingcheng", and that was where he was finally buried.

And Hu Yaobang, who has rich editing experience, founded "China Youth Daily" and "China Youth" to improve youth education and ideology. In 1956, at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Hu Yaobang was elected as a member of the Central Committee; in 1957, at the Third National Congress of the Communist Youth League, it was officially renamed the Communist Youth League. At the age of 42, Hu Yaobang was elected as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League.

Lao Pantou sighed and said to Nan Yangsheng: Hu Yaobang's character is very individual, he is practical and he dares to tell the truth. However, the consequences of the Great Leap Forward in 1958 severely damaged the work of the Communist Youth League, and he became skeptical and disgusted with the Great Leap Forward policy. At the Lushan Conference in 1959, Hu Yaobang did not follow the crowd to criticize Peng Dehuai, and kept silent except for a short speech, which aroused Mao Zedong's dissatisfaction.

In 1962, after the meeting of 7,000 people, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China advocated the style of investigation and research. Hu Yaobang requested to be devolved and served as the secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the secretary of the Xiangtan Prefectural Committee. Before taking office, he also visited Albania on behalf of the Chinese Albanian friendship delegation. On November 16 of the same year, he arrived in Xiangtan, and Hua Guofeng, who was originally the first secretary of the Xiangtan Prefectural Committee, served as the second secretary. The two met in Xiangtan and worked together for more than a year, respecting and liking each other. When they took office, the two led cadres to inspect the counties in Xiangtan, encouraged grassroots cadres and guided their development. After the inspection, they decided to "go all out, concentrate our efforts, take food as the key link, and make comprehensive arrangements.", focusing on the situation of each county. According to the suitability of the place, the production will be promoted to reach or approach the level in 1957. However, when the masses raised the issue of "going it alone" (i.e. contracting production to households), grassroots cadres felt a lot of pressure and lost ground. Hu Yaobang, taking into account the actual situation, acquiesced to the implementation of household contracting. Hu Yaobang and Hua Guofeng also promoted the forestry reform in Maotian County, namely "Maotian Experience". and punish corruption.

In 1963, the League Central Committee contacted Hu Yaobang and decided to hold the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Youth League the following year, and he was transferred back to Beijing again. On July 2, 1964, at the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Youth League, he was re-elected as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League. This was also the last Communist Youth League Congress he hosted. While retaining his regiment position, he received a new appointment and sent him to preside over the work of Shaanxi Province.

In November 1964, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China appointed Hu Yaobang as the third secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the acting first secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. After Hu Yaobang took office, he still followed his previous habits, communicating with grassroots cadres and conducting on-the-spot investigations. He soon discovered that Shaanxi’s economy was very backward due to problems such as the Great Leap Forward; Inundation and immersion exacerbated the problem of food shortages. In 1963, Shaanxi's total grain output was the lowest among all provinces in the country. In addition, there was almost no industry. The illiteracy rate was about 43%. Endemic diseases such as Keshan disease were still common. Due to the Liu Zhidan case and other influences, the relationship between cadres and the masses is tense, and everyone is in danger.

Although Hu Yaobang was worried, he still insisted on improving agricultural production as the top priority; in addition, reducing the harm to grassroots cadres caused by the "socialist education movement". At the end of 1964, he attended the Central Working Conference and the first meeting of the third National People's Congress. He took this opportunity to present the difficulties in Shaanxi to Zhou Enlai and Li Xiannian, and sought the support of the central government: reducing the amount of grain requisitioned in Shaanxi from 1.7 billion catties to 14 100 million catties, and received an additional allocation of 30,000 tons of chemical fertilizers to prepare for the construction of a chemical fertilizer plant in Shaanxi. Hu Yaobang, who was in Beijing, witnessed the intensification of the contradiction between Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Liu Shaoqi, Chairman of the State Council, over the "socialist education movement." " (that is, "Twenty-Three Articles") to direct political activities in various places.

After Hu Yaobang returned to Shaanxi, he promoted the "Twenty-Three Articles" relatively softly, which made the people of Shaanxi feel more relaxed during the Spring Festival. After the Spring Festival, Hu Yaobang set off to inspect the Ankang area in southern Shaanxi. After discovering the extreme incidents that were punished because of the struggle, he felt that the "Twenty-Three Articles" should be implemented at the grassroots level, and proposed the "Four Policies" for liberating cadres:

All cadres who have been severely punished since social education will be lightened in a realistic manner. It is best to select a few typical examples, discuss with everyone, make a new decision, and announce it at the conference.

All cadres whose suspension and dismissal have not yet been dealt with will be put on the job first, and the conclusion will not be made until the problem is fully investigated or after a period of testing.

All cadres who committed some mistakes before last year but have already accounted for them (including those who are off-duty and not off-duty) will no longer "wash their hands and bathe" at this meeting. As long as we do a good job and do a good job in production, we will never blame the past.

Anyone who continues to do bad things after this multi-level cadre meeting in the county will be dealt with strictly regardless of their position.

However, within three days, on February 17, Hu Yaobang came to the Hanzhong Prefectural Committee, and the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called to criticize Hu Yaobang's theory, claiming that it might lead to a reversal of the verdict. Although grassroots cadres expressed support for this, the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China still believed that the theory was one-sided. He was forced to conduct a self-criticism and was forced to be criticized for several days. On March 17, he was extremely weak and was hospitalized due to illness. The doctor found that he had a sudden cerebral arachnoiditis. During the hospitalization, he still admitted all the criticisms. At that time, Shaanxi reform was also in trouble. After Marshal Ye Jianying learned of the incident, he took a military plane to Xi'an with Zhang Zongxun and Zhang Aiping. In the name of participating in a military meeting, he finally took Hu Yaobang back to Beijing, and Hu Yaobang returned to the Central Committee again.

Lao Pantou said to Nanyang Sheng:

In June 1965, Hu Yaobang, who returned to Beijing to recuperate, was left in Beijing by Deng Xiaoping. Soon after the Cultural Revolution began, college and middle school students in Beijing responded one after another, and began to attack the Party Committee of Peking University and the Beijing Municipal Committee headed by it. Mao Zedong used this to order the promotion and quickly stirred up the situation.

At that time, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping believed that the chaotic situation must be stopped, and on June 3, 1966, an enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee was held, and working groups were stationed in various middle schools in Beijing, and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League was responsible for the working groups of Beijing middle schools. The League Central Committee was also involved in this struggle.

Soon the Central Cultural Revolution Group quickly resisted the working group and successfully persuaded Mao Zedong to withdraw the working group. Soon, at the instigation of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, the Red Guards began to occupy and attack the center of the regiment.

On August 5, 1966, Mao Zedong severely criticized the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, calling Hu Yaobang, Hu Keshi, Hu Qili and other "Three Hus" working in the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League: "It is not that they made mistakes in a daze, but made mistakes clearly."

On August 12, the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution". The next day, the Central Cultural Revolution Group held a mass meeting of 10,000 people in the Workers’ Stadium, criticizing the Central Committee of the League: “It did not hold high the banner of Mao Zedong Thought, which violated Mao Zedong’s instructions; The mass line, in fact, rampantly attacked the mass line; because it was responsible for the mistakes made by the "secondary school working group" that provoked students to fight against students and suppressed student movements." Subsequently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reorganized the Secretariat of the Youth League Central Committee.

Afterwards, the crazy Red Guards ran to Fuqiang Alley, dragged Hu Yaobang and Hu Keshi from their homes to the regiment center for criticism, and since then the work of the regiment center and the units directly under it has been completely paralyzed. Almost every day after that, the cadres of the League Central Committee were criticized and tortured. Hu Yaobang, who was still ill, had to endure the pain of being beaten, red, swollen, and bleeding. Soon, the movement spread to his whole family. Li Zhao, the wife of the director of the Beijing Textile Bureau at the time; Hu Deping, the eldest son, a student of Peking University, was detained in isolation. In 1967, Hu Yaobang's mother, Liu Minglun, passed away. In grief, Hu Yaobang could only be escorted to the hospital by the Red Guards to deliver the body, and the cremation could only be handled by Liu Hu and Hu Dehua.

In 1968, the chaos of the Cultural Revolution intensified, and Mao Zedong had to send troops to schools and institutions at this time. Hu Yaobang and other cadres were imprisoned in a bungalow in the South Campus of the League Central Committee. He suffered from severe acne due to frequent heavy work. Afterwards, he and the central cadres of the Communist Youth League were sent to Huanghu Farm in Huangchuan County, Xinyang District, Henan Province.

The September 13th incident in 1971 prompted Mao Zedong to vindicate the February countercurrent case and decided that Zhou Enlai would preside over the work of the central government. Zhou Enlai took advantage of this to transfer Hu Yaobang back to Beijing to check his health and recuperate.

In 1973, Deng Xiaoping restored the Vice Premier of the State Council and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and assisted the seriously ill Zhou Enlai to preside over the State Council.

In April 1975, with the support of Ye Jianying and Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to appoint Hu Yaobang as the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the first deputy head of the party's core group; Separately, set up an administrative office meeting, and divide the work with a dedicated person to handle the business. However, with the increasingly intensified conflict between the Gang of Four and Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang's work in the Chinese Academy of Sciences became increasingly complicated. In November, Deng Xiaoping was forced to resign because of "criticizing Deng and countering the rightist trend of overturning the case." Life.

When Lao Pantou said this, he suddenly became speechless to Nanyang Sheng. He obviously had mixed feelings and was in great pain.