Wake up（327）

 

327

 

Lao Pantou said with emotion to Nan Yangsheng:

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1978, Hu Yaobang was one of the most effective go-getters who supported Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up. Hu has done three major things: first, rehabilitate unjust, false and wrongly decided cases; second, preside over the "Great Discussion on the Standard of Truth"; third, start the process of reform and opening up.

At the end of 1986, the situation in mainland China suddenly rose. A student unrest caused a huge shock within the CCP. With the support of Deng Xiaoping, the conservative forces within the party took the opportunity to launch a "struggle against bourgeois liberalization." Hu Yaobang, general secretary of the CCP Central Committee, was forced to resign. Suddenly, the cloud of anti-"liberalization" enveloped the whole country.

Nan Yangsheng asked in puzzlement: Why did Deng Xiaoping force Hu Yaobang to step down? How did this great change happen? Why did Deng Xiaoping support "anti-liberalization" at this time?

Lao Pantou told Nan Yangsheng that there were four main reasons for Hu Yaobang's ouster:

First, "frivolous discussions" on the military issue. This statement was said by Bo Yibo himself. When Bo Yibo talked about the reasons for Hu Yaobang's resignation in Yuquan Mountain, he said that it was mainly because Hu Yaobang said things he shouldn't have said on the military issue. Because the CCP has always emphasized that "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun", whoever controls the "barrel of a gun (military power)" is the real boss of the CCP. Although the CCP also said that "the party commands the gun", at that time, Hu Yaobang was the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, but Hu Yaobang could not command the "gun". The "gun" was in the hands of Deng Xiaoping, then chairman of the Central Military Commission. Within the CCP system, the military is an independent system. Only those with military power have the final say on military matters, and no one else can interfere, including the general secretary of the CCP Central Committee, local officials, and other government officials who do not hold military positions. If Hu Yaobang said something on the military issue that displeased Deng Xiaoping, it was a "big taboo".

Second, he was accused of forcing Deng Xiaoping to retire. Deng Xiaoping and the old people's group did not trust Hu Yaobang for a long time. According to "Political Struggles in China's Reform Era" written by Yang Jisheng, former editor-in-chief of "Yanhuang Chunqiu", in May 1985, Hu Yaobang accepted a two-hour interview with Lu Keng, editor-in-chief of Hong Kong "People" magazine. After Lu Keng returned to Hong Kong, he published the 20,000-word "Interview with Hu Yaobang", praising Hu Yaobang and criticizing the conservative forces of the CCP. This interview caused an uproar in the top leadership of the CCP. Deng Xiaoping said to Yang Shangkun, then vice chairman of the Central Military Commission: "Lu Keng opposed us under the guise of flattering Yaobang." "If I have made any mistakes in recent years, I have misjudged Hu Yaobang." From then on, Deng Xiaoping's attitude towards Hu Yaobang changed a lot, and he began to want to replace Hu Yaobang.

Another theory is that in the summer of 1986, Deng Xiaoping had a talk with Hu Yaobang and put forward his views on the candidates for the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Deng Xiaoping said: "I am fully committed to resign as the chairman of the Military Commission. You are half committed to take over my position in the Military Commission. Ziyang is also half committed to become the chairman of the country. The general secretary and prime minister will let young people do it." Regarding Deng Xiaoping's statement, Hu Yaobang didn't think about whether Deng Xiaoping was testing him, or Deng Xiaoping's real thoughts. Hu Yaobang believed it to be true, and was very happy in his heart. He couldn't control his mouth, and soon leaked the conversation that was limited to Deng and Hu.

After this passage reached the ears of Wang Zhen, a veteran of the Communist Party of China and the principal of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at the time, Wang Zhen was very angry. 'Gangsters, etc.)." "Do you know who I am? I am Zhou Cang in Guan Yunchang Temple, and I have such a big knife in my hand..." Wang Zhen's thoughts represent the thoughts of many veteran CCP cadres. Deng Xiaoping took the lead in retiring, and this group of veteran cadres in their 70s and 80s must follow suit. Power and profit are closely related, and without power, profit will inevitably be affected. For a while, this passage leaked by Hu Yaobang was spread everywhere, and the more it spread, the more chaotic it became, and finally it became the theory that "Hu Yaobang forced the palace".

But Zhao Ziyang believes that Hu Yaobang's resignation has nothing to do with whether he agrees with Deng's retirement. In an interview with Yang Jisheng, he said: "This is not the root cause of Xiaoping's resignation of Yaobang. Deng is not so narrow-minded. He is still great!" In my opinion, Zhao Although Ziyang's words have some truth, but "Deng is not so narrow-minded", and other old people may not be so "great". Because Hu Yaobang agreed to Deng Xiaoping's retirement, he offended almost all the party elders. Because once Deng Xiaoping stepped down, all the old people would inevitably step back. The old people have just been rehabilitated and returned to work for a few years, and their buttocks are not hot yet. In order to protect their own interests, they cannot allow Deng Xiaoping to retire. When Hu Yaobang agreed to Deng Xiaoping's retirement, he violated the interests of a group of old people and stood against them.

Third, anti-corruption has offended many senior officials. According to former Mao Zedong's secretary Li Rui, in 1985, Hu Shiying, the eldest son of Hu Qiaomu, then a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, was sentenced for economic fraud. This case was discussed and approved by the Central Secretariat and approved by Hu Yaobang. At that time, while Hu Qiaomu and his wife were having a meeting outside, Han Tianshi, deputy secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, led a team to find a sack of RMB under Hu Qiaomu's son's bed, and the case was finalized. This was what Han Tianshi told me personally. For this reason, Hu Qiaomu often babbled in front of Deng Xiaoping, speaking ill of Hu Yaobang. Hu Qiaomu played a role in Hu Yaobang's resignation. Although Hu Shishi was only sentenced to one and a half years in prison, and was soon released under the name of "medical parole", this incident still caused great shock in Zhongnanhai. Because the children of the CCP’s elders used the power of their parents to “get rich first”, it was by no means Hu Yingying alone, but a group of people. Hu Yaobang's move once again aroused the dissatisfaction of the CCP veterans. According to a person who worked next to Wan Li, the former chairman of the National People's Congress of the Communist Party of China, at that time, everyone in the CCP was in danger. , if you accidentally fall into his hands, there is nothing I can do. The CCP veterans originally wanted Hu Yaobang to retire normally at the 13th CCP Congress held in October 1987. However, the Hu Shishi incident made them feel that Hu Yaobang was an obstacle that must be removed, and they forced Hu Yaobang to step down before the 13th National Congress.

Fourth, it is accused of ineffective anti-bourgeois liberalization. What is bourgeois liberalization? It is the words and deeds that conflict with the "Four Cardinal Principles" put forward by Deng Xiaoping. At the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in December 1978, Deng Xiaoping initiated reform and opening up. However, Deng Xiaoping drew a framework for the reform and opening up of the CCP, that is, it must "adhere to the four basic principles", that is, it must adhere to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. Its core is to uphold Marxism, which is the fundamental guiding ideology of the CCP. The values of Marxism are fundamentally opposed to those of capitalism, which determines that the CCP's domestic and foreign affairs must be anti-capitalist.

However, after the CCP opened the door to the country, many officials and scholars went out to have a look and found that the education, technology, economy, military, etc. of capitalist countries are much better than China. As a result, many people suggested that, while adopting advanced Western technology, we should also learn from Western politics, systems, and culture.

In the 1980s, learning from the West was very popular. Some words and deeds of Hu Yaobang played an important role in promoting this. After Deng Xiaoping proposed reforming the political system again in June 1986, Hu Yaobang made many speeches on it. From the central leadership to the academic circles, various opinions, plans, and suggestions on the reform of the political system have been put forward. Talk about the so-called "bourgeois liberalization" has also increased.

Deng Xiaoping believed that in the past few years, Hu Yaobang had connived at people and things engaged in bourgeois liberalization. In the future, if the old people are absent and Hu Yaobang is in charge of the work, China's liberalization will definitely be rampant. He once asked Hu Qili and Qiao Shi to send messages to Hu twice, criticizing him for being too weak on liberalization and not dealing with some people, saying, "It is the fundamental weakness of the general secretary to adopt such a laissez-faire and weak attitude towards liberalization." Now some people outside say that Yaobang is an enlightened faction in the party, and he is waving his banner to oppose us." "Yaobang doesn't talk about anti-liberalization, why doesn't he talk about it?"

After the student movement occurred in December 1986, Deng Xiaoping and other veterans of the Communist Party of China attacked Hu Yaobang. One important reason was that Hu Yaobang was not effective in anti-bourgeois liberalization.

Old Pantou continued to Nanyang Sheng:

Analyzing Deng Xiaoping's ideological context around the 1980s, we can see that Deng Xiaoping has always advocated having two hands, "two hands must be tough." The so-called Deng Xiaoping Theory can be summed up in two sentences: Adhere to the four basic principles and adhere to reform and opening up. From the moment Deng Xiaoping delivered the speech "Adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles" at a theoretical retreat in March 1979, this basic idea has been established.

Deng Xiaoping believed that the Four Cardinal Principles were Mao Zedong's old stuff, not his new stuff. Only reform and opening up is his new thing and his banner. Here, there are two political bottom lines of Deng Xiaoping: one is to adhere to the four basic principles, the core of which is to emphasize the leadership of the party; the other is to insist on reform and opening up, which he needs to rely on to save the party and the country. The lessons of the Cultural Revolution have proved that the old leadership concepts, leadership methods, and leadership systems cannot continue to be carried on. If they persist, they will only lead China to disaster again. Reform was Deng Xiaoping's and the party's only choice. This is also the original intention of his proposal of economic system reform and political system reform. The purpose of the reform is not to fundamentally negate the system and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, but to improve the system and the leadership of the party. The purpose of improvement is still to strengthen the leadership of the party. For this reason, he repeatedly emphasized that reform "is the self-improvement of the socialist system." This "self-improvement" refers to an improvement of the economic and political system under the leadership of the party and within the framework of the original system. It is on the basis of the above understanding that the "two basic points" of Deng Xiaoping's thought are formed.

Because of this, whenever Deng Xiaoping felt that the reform and opening up threatened the leadership of the party, he would speak out against bourgeois liberalization; A dead end".

Lao Pantou explained to Nan Yangsheng: Deng Xiaoping has repeatedly emphasized that among the four basic principles, the most fundamental one is to uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China. No matter who deviates from, opposes or attempts to change the CCP's one-party centralized political system, Deng Xiaoping will not tolerate it, and will not hesitate to use any means to suppress it. When Hu Yaobang's leadership position threatens the country's fundamental system, he will not hesitate to remove him from power. Although Hu Yaobang is their political benefactor and the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, once Deng Xiaoping and the old people's group find out that Hu Yaobang is carrying out His policies would shake the party, and they would definitely force him to step down. The removal of Zhao Ziyang a few years later also proved this point.

From Lao Pantou's interpretation, Nan Yangsheng gained knowledge that cannot be found in books.