Wake up（317）

 

317

 

The 75-year-old Pantou, sitting in a wheelchair, continued to chat with Nanyang Sheng, who came to visit him, about "criticizing Deng and countering the right-leaning trend of overturning verdicts."

On March 3, 1976, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will ask Mao Yuanxin for instructions and Mao Zedong agrees. The "Important Instructions of Chairman Mao" compiled by Mao Yuanxin will be issued in the form of a central document as "criticizing Deng and countering the right-wing trend of overturning verdicts." guidance document.

The main contents of "Chairman Mao's Important Instructions" are as follows:

Is there class struggle in a socialist society? The so-called "three instructions are the key link", stability and unity do not mean that class struggle should not be avoided, class struggle is the key link, and the rest are goals. What was the Cultural Revolution for? It's class struggle. I represent the bourgeoisie, but say that class contradictions are not clear. Some comrades, mainly veteran comrades, are still at the stage of the bourgeois democratic revolution and do not understand, resist, or even oppose the socialist revolution. There are two attitudes towards the Cultural Revolution, one is dissatisfaction, and the other is to settle accounts and settle accounts for the Cultural Revolution. If you want to engage in a socialist revolution, you don’t know where the bourgeoisie is, but they are in the Communist Party, the people in power within the party who are taking the capitalist road. The capitalist roaders are still going.

The general view on the Cultural Revolution: basically correct, with some deficiencies. What needs to be studied now is the deficiencies. Thirty to seven points, seven points for grades, three points for mistakes, opinions may not necessarily agree. The Cultural Revolution made two mistakes, 1. Overthrow everything, and 2. All-out civil war. Knock everything down and some of it is right. Such as Liu (Shaoqi), Lin (Biao) Group. Some of them were wrongly typed, such as many old comrades. These people also made mistakes, and it is okay to criticize them. I have had no experience in war for more than ten years. In a full-scale civil war, guns were stolen, most of which were issued, and a fight is also an exercise. Xiaoping... he does not grasp class struggle, and has never mentioned this outline. Still "white cats, black cats", regardless of imperialism or Marxism. Xiaoping...he is still an internal problem among the people. If he is well guided, he may not go to the side of confrontation, like Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao...the criticism must be criticized, but it should not be beaten to death with a stick.

When Mao Zedong published this "Important Instruction", the most important issue he wanted to solve was to set the tone for the "Cultural Revolution" he personally launched, and to draw a conclusion, a political conclusion that future generations cannot reverse the verdict. In the last years of his life, he "criticized Deng" and launched the campaign of "Combating the Rightist Overturning the Case" to prevent someone from overturning the "Cultural Revolution" case and to resolutely defend what he regarded as the "second major event" in political life. "Cultural Revolution".

Old Pantou said: In Mao Zedong's more than 80 years of life, there have been countless brilliance and victories, and countless epic achievements and achievements worthy of praise. Unfortunately, in his later years, he became more and more stubborn. more and more astray. He ignored the countless great achievements in his life, and chose the "Cultural Revolution", the biggest mistake, as one of the two lifelines for evaluating his entire political career. This mistake was not only a tragedy in Mao Zedong's personal life, but also a major political tragedy in the history of Chinese revolution and modern Chinese history.

On March 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Notice on Studying the Important Instructions of Chairman Mao", reposting Mao Zedong's speech on "criticizing Deng and countering the Rightist style of overturning verdicts", demanding that cadres at the county level and above the regiment level be organized to study. The "Criticize Deng" campaign was officially carried out on a large scale throughout the party.

The long-awaited opportunity of the "Gang of Four" finally arrived. During the greeting meeting in February, Zhang Chunqiao repeatedly attacked Deng Xiaoping as a "monopoly bourgeoisie" and a "comprador bourgeoisie" who "engaged in revisionism internally and capitulationism externally."

On March 2, Jiang Qing arbitrarily called a meeting of leaders of twelve provinces and autonomous regions, and delivered a long speech, saying in the most vicious language: "Deng Xiaoping is the general manager of a rumor company", a "counter-revolutionary old man", "a big Traitors", "are the comprador bourgeoisie, representing the comprador and landlord bourgeoisie, China has the agent of international capitalists, that is Deng Xiaoping", "we must fight against the enemy together, and confront Deng Xiaoping". She was full of ambition and said: "Someone wrote to Lin Biao saying that I was Wu Zetian, and someone said that I was Empress Lu. I am also very honored. Empress Lu is the emperor without a hat. In fact, the power is in her hands." She also said shamelessly: "The purpose of slandering Empress Lu and me is to slander the chairman."

Old Pantou said again: Jiang Qing's nonsense and irresponsible nonsense aroused Mao Zedong's dissatisfaction. Mao Zedong came forward to criticize: "Jiang Qing has interfered too much." However, Jiang Qing, who was in the midst of his pride, would not care about Mao Zedong's criticism at all, and the "Gang of Four" continued to carry out wanton activities. quick.

Instigated by the "Gang of Four" to create public opinion, major newspapers and critical groups published a large number of articles "criticizing Deng and countering the right-leaning style of overturning verdicts". These articles criticized Deng Xiaoping's comprehensive rectification, "taking the three directives as the key link", criticizing the "theory of only productive forces", criticizing the "black wind" in the literary and art circles, criticizing the "reversal" and "resurgence" in the education circle, and criticizing The "capitulationism" in the scientific and technological circles criticizes the "theory of the extinction of class struggle" and requires "focusing on criticizing the revisionist line of the unrepentant capitalist roader."

Jiang Qing even created a formula, that is, "veteran cadres are democrats, and democrats are capitalist roaders", in an attempt to defeat those veteran cadres who have just been "liberated".

Under the impact of this new round of "criticizing Deng and countering the right-leaning overturning the verdict" movement, the situation of stability and economic growth that has just emerged after comprehensive rectification since 1975 has been destroyed. Many correct policies proposed and implemented during the comprehensive rectification Political and political measures were canceled and criticized, and some rebel leaders and militants who were dismissed and transferred during the rectification returned to fight back. Societies in many places fell into chaos again. Industrial enterprises were unable to complete their tasks, factories were shut down, and workers' wages could not even be paid. Some railway hubs were paralyzed again, traffic was jammed, goods were backlogged, and trains were delayed. The country once again fell into a situation of great turmoil and great criticism.

Some departmental leaders who resolutely carried out the comprehensive rectification carried out by the central leadership headed by Deng Xiaoping were dismissed and criticized again. Wan Li, Hu Yaobang, Hu Qiaomu and others were dismissed and criticized. Minister of Education Zhou Rongxin was forced to inspect and was brutally criticized every day. On April 12, he was persecuted to death at the "investigation" meeting.

Lao Pan rubbed his hands together and sighed: Deng Xiaoping's glimmer of light just appeared after the comprehensive rectification was instantly overwhelmed by the frenzied clouds of sorrow. Chinese people, who have suffered nearly ten years of "Cultural Revolution", when will we get out of the fog, and when will we see sunshine again!

Around February, big-character posters were distributed all over the country opposing Jiang Qing and supporting Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.

On February 2, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a notice: Proposed by Chairman Mao and unanimously approved by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, Hua Guofeng was appointed as the acting premier of the State Council, and Chen Xilian was in charge of the work of the Central Military Commission during Ye Jianying's illness.

On February 2, two weeks after Deng Xiaoping proposed to resign, the Party Central Committee announced to the top Chinese cadres that Hua Guofeng had been appointed Acting Prime Minister with the unanimous consent of the Politburo. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee approved Mao Zedong's proposal, and Hua Guofeng was appointed as the acting premier of the State Council and presided over the daily work of the Central Committee. Mao Zedong said to Hua Guofeng: "I am at ease when you handle affairs."

It can be said that Hua Guofeng's appointment was the result of Mao Zedong's efforts to reconcile the contradictions between the "Gang of Four" and the pragmatic cadres and soldiers. However, Hua Guofeng, like Mao Zedong, had restrictions on actions to criticize Deng: Do not post big-character posters criticizing Deng on the street, and do not criticize on radio stations.

On February 5, the article "Key Points of Greetings" was released to ordinary people across the country.

On February 6, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to stop implementing the spirit of Deng Xiaoping and Ye Jianying's July 1975 speech.

On February 25, Hua Guofeng presided over the "Second Greeting Meeting" and conveyed the "Important Instructions of Chairman Mao", pointing out: According to Mao Zedong's instructions, carry out the name-calling and criticism of Deng Xiaoping. Since then, various media across the country have published editorials and articles, completely denying Deng Xiaoping's various measures implemented since 1975, and labeling Deng Xiaoping as "the largest capitalist roader in the party who refuses to repent." Countering the right-leaning style of overturning verdicts has developed into criticizing Deng and countering the right-leaning style of overturning verdicts.

On February 15, Hua Guofeng said at a meeting of secretaries of provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and major military regions across the country that "the urgent task now is to criticize Deng Xiaoping and Deng Xiaoping's revisionist line. Under this goal, cadres and the masses should Unite".

On February 17, "People's Daily" published an editorial in which Jiang Qing attacked Deng Xiaoping by name and as an "unrepentant capitalist roader".

On March 2, Jiang Qing convened a meeting of twelve provinces and autonomous regions under the pretext of visiting those who attended the meeting, saying that Deng Xiaoping "represented the comprador bourgeoisie" and was a "big traitor" and "agent of international capitalists."

Lao Pantou said to Nan Yangsheng: After Deng Xiaoping was designated as "the largest capitalist roader in the party who refused to repent", he criticized Deng and countered the rightist trend of overturning the verdict, which spread all over the country. I lived through that era and the memory is still fresh.

In late March, students and citizens spontaneously held a rally and parade to commemorate Zhou Enlai and oppose the "Gang of Four" on the streets of Nanjing. People held slogans such as "Defend Zhou Enlai" and "Down with Zhang Chunqiao". On the evening of April 1, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to discuss , to expand the scope of communication of "Chairman Mao's Important Instructions". After the meeting, Mao Yuanxin reported the opinions of the Political Bureau to Mao Zedong in writing, which was approved.

April 4th is Sunday, which is the traditional "tomb-sweeping" day for the Chinese people, "Ching Ming Festival". More than 2 million people came to Tiananmen Square, and Zhou Enlai's memorial activities reached their peak.

The Politburo held an emergency meeting; at the meeting, Hua Guofeng attacked Deng Xiaoping's faction, "A group of bad people jumped out, and some of their writings directly attacked Chairman Mao, and many attacked the Party Central Committee, which was very vicious."

Beijing Mayor Wu De said: "It seems that this is a planned action. Deng Xiaoping made a lot of preparations for public opinion from 1974 to 1975. This year's incident is the result of Deng Xiaoping's careful planning. ... The nature is clear. It is a counter-revolutionary incident."

With Tiananmen Square in Beijing as the center, the April 5th Movement broke out. Millions of citizens spontaneously gathered around the Monument to the People’s Heroes, presenting a large number of wreaths, flower baskets, banners, elegiac couplets, and sacrificial rites. On April 5, Mao Xinyuan wrote a report to Mao Zedong saying: "Such a large number of people gather in front of Tiananmen Square to publicly deliver counter-revolutionary speeches and directly attack Chairman Mao. This is unprecedented since the founding of the People's Republic of China."

The Politburo meeting accused Deng Xiaoping of being behind the scenes and decided to forcibly remove the wreaths around the Monument to the People's Heroes.

On April 5, the "Tiananmen Four-Five" event occurred in Beijing to commemorate Zhou Enlai, oppose the "Gang of Four" and support Deng. Some people put up big-character posters asking Deng Xiaoping to succeed him.

On April 5, the Politburo of the Central Committee dispatched militiamen and police to clean up all the wreaths at the scene and arrested some people; the masses put forward the slogan "Return my wreaths, return my comrades in arms", and they were finally suppressed. Obviously, this was well-planned and organized, not only in Beijing, but in many places across the country.” Mao Zedong circled the report that day and believed that the Fourth Five Movement was the result of Deng Xiaoping’s long-term preparations from 1974 to 1975.

At night, a large number of militiamen, public security personnel and troops surrounded Tiananmen Square, beating and arresting the stranded people.

On April 6, the "People's Daily", controlled by the Gang of Four, published an editorial "Firmly Grasping the General Direction of the Struggle", insisting on the "Criticism of Deng" campaign, and once again marking Mao Zedong's words not long ago that "reversing the verdict is unpopular" in bold .

On April 7, without Deng Xiaoping's participation, Mao Zedong affirmed the measures taken by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on the Tiananmen Square incident, and proposed that the Politburo make two resolutions: 1. Appoint Hua Guofeng as the first vice chairman of the Party Central Committee 1. Prime Minister of the State Council; 2. Removal of Deng Xiaoping from all positions inside and outside the party, retaining party membership to see the aftermath.

The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting and decided to remove Deng from all positions inside and outside the party, and passed the "Resolution on Comrade Hua Guofeng's Appointment as First Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Premier of the State Council" and "Resolution on Removing Deng Xiaoping from All Positions Inside and Outside the Party": "The Communist Party of China The Political Bureau of the Central Committee discussed the counter-revolutionary incident in Tiananmen Square and Deng Xiaoping's recent performance, and believed that the nature of Deng Xiaoping's problem had become a confrontational contradiction. According to the proposal of the great leader Chairman Mao, the Political Bureau unanimously passed the removal of Deng Xiaoping from all positions inside and outside the party. Keep your party membership to see how it works."

Afterwards, criticism groups across the country, represented by Liang Xiao, launched another wave of large-scale criticism of Deng Xiaoping. Deng Xiaoping was accused of being the "general backstage" of this incident, and once again he was dismissed from all positions inside and outside the party. This is the third time he has been knocked down. But Mao Zedong entrusted Wang Dongxing to protect Deng Xiaoping.

On April 8, the "People's Daily" criticized the Tiananmen incident as "a premeditated, planned, and organized counter-revolutionary political incident."

On April 18, the "People's Daily" editorial "What does the Tiananmen Square incident explain?" ” characterized the masses participating in the April 5th Movement as “a group of anti-communist, anti-people, and anti-socialist counter-revolutionaries,” and called Deng “the general representative of these counter-revolutionaries” and “the general backstage of the right-leaning style of overturning verdicts.”

On the 28th of the same month, "People's Daily" published an article "Deng Xiaoping and the Tiananmen Square Counter-revolutionary Incident" by the famous writing group Liang Xiao, which stated: "The appearance of the counter-revolutionary political incident in Tiananmen Square was not isolated or accidental, but completely premeditated and intentional. Planned and organized. It is a prominent manifestation of the current sharp struggle between the two classes, two roads, and two lines. It is a major exposure of the bourgeois counter-revolutionary face of the party. The inevitable result of the revisionist line is a performance of the dying struggle of the decadent bourgeoisie."

Old Pantou sighed to Nanyang Changchang: You must know Commander-in-Chief Zhu, he has many stories and holds a high position in the hearts of the common people. But at 3:1 pm on July 6, 1976, Marshal Zhu De fell asleep peacefully, and he never woke up again. This revolutionary old man who spent his whole life as a soldier in New China was either fighting or working, without stopping for a moment. Until this moment, he had to rest. Unfortunately, China is once again in chaos. Commander-in-Chief Zhu is alive, what would he think?

Nanyang was speechless.

Some memories are burned, some memories are buried in the bottom of my heart, the bloody years are like a knife, leaving scars. The torrent of years, full of class struggles, swept away youth and years, leaving only a scarred body and a vicissitudes of life that were deeply imprinted by the years. Perhaps having a dream is the biggest motivation for struggle, but more often than not, a beautiful dream is actually the fetter of social progress.