Wake up（275）

 

275

 

     "I used to think that I would get used to the lost time and past events. But during the unforgettable years of the Cultural Revolution, I have lost my confidence. When you love the party, the party does not necessarily love you." Hong Wenxuan Sitting in a taxi, looking at the gradually distant Victoria Harbor outside the car window, he said to Shen Zhirui: "The beautiful scenery is not necessarily the harbor you want to anchor in. You can't get the fruit you want by relying on stupid loyalty. I always I forgot my promise, and hypnotized myself over and over again. I gradually realized how absurd the pursuit in the past was after I was over seventy."

Shen Zhirui didn't answer. The taxi driver still held the steering wheel and looked straight ahead.

Hong Wenxuan said to Shen Zhirui: When we chatted about "cleaning up the ranks of the class", I would recall those painful memories in college. At that time, universities were the focus of "clearing the team".

  Shen Zhirui said: The place where intellectuals are concentrated is of course the focus of "clearing the team". Since the founding of Hunan University’s Revolutionary Committee, more than 300 people have been randomly arrested and imprisoned. Among them, 18 people committed suicide due to persecution, 6 people died of long-term torture, and 16 people were wrongly sentenced. people. According to the statistics of Lanzhou University, 450 people were filed for investigation in the ranks of the liquidation class, and 23 people were persecuted to death. More than a dozen people in Soochow University committed suicide, basically the so-called "historical problems" old teachers. Some jumped from buildings, rivers, and wells. There were also those who drank pesticides and hacked to death with an ax on their foreheads. East China Normal University's "Clear Team" campaign lasted for half a year. More than 800 students were identified as conflicts between the enemy and ourselves, and more than 60 committed suicide. Suicide is like a death match. There are various methods such as lying on the rails, jumping off the building, cutting the pulse, and taking poison. It is the most miserable unit in Shanghai.

     Hong Wenxuan said: I was in Beijing at that time. A total of 24 professors of Peking University committed suicide at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution and during the "Qing Brigade". Of the 6,000 teaching staff at Tsinghua University, one-fifth were "censored", and 178 were designated as "contradiction between ourselves and the enemy". Twelve people committed suicide, including Chen Zudong and Li Piji, professors of the Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, and Yin Gongzhang and Wang Huichen, a lecturer of basic courses who hanged themselves to death in Xiangshan, Beijing. the

  Hong Wenxuan also said: Beijing Agricultural University student Guo Shiying was detained for "counter-revolutionary" cases. After being beaten to death on the night of April 21, 1968, he was thrown from the window on the third floor. He was only 26 years old. When Zhou Enlai heard about this, he wanted to comfort his father, Guo Moruo, the president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his wife, but he was in a hurry and said, "'I have so much ambition to sacrifice', how can revolutionaries not kill people!"

     Shen Zhirui said: When "cleaning the team", I was sent to the middle school teacher in the countryside. I have witnessed with my own eyes how teachers in primary and secondary schools in rural areas have suffered. In counties without universities, the focus of the "clearing team" is middle and primary school teachers. In Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, all the teachers in the county were inspected together, and two-thirds of them were eliminated. In Xingtai County, Hebei Province, more than 400 teachers were "censored" in the "Qing Team", and 8 of them were forced to commit suicide. In Heping County, Guangdong Province, there are more than 1,100 primary and secondary school teachers, and as many as 424 were arrested for "censorship". In Shanyin County, Shanxi Province, more than 600 teachers gathered in the county to "clean up the team". During the brutal "clean up" struggle, some committed suicide when they couldn't bear it. Inserting them into nostrils, banging their heads on the table forcefully, piercing their brains with chopsticks; and others jumping into cesspit to suffocate to death..."

Shen Zhirui added: Actually, some scientific research institutes in China also started killing people. The No. 21 Factory under the Ninth Research Institute of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission and the mining area for mining uranium fuel are important nuclear weapon research and production bases. ". Zhao Qiming is the former deputy commander of the Navy. They issued instructions: "If you don't kill people, you can't open the situation." Zhao Dengcheng announced at the factory: "The counter-revolutionary spies in the 221 Factory are group after group, like peanuts, and like sweet potatoes. Under their command, the factory has set up more than 40 prisons, in which more than 4,000 people have been detained, and more than 100 experts, professors, and engineers transferred from all over the country after strict political scrutiny, 90% of them "Secret agents" and "counter-revolutionaries", among them a blasting expert and an engineer were beaten to death while extorting a confession. They claimed that "the Ninth Court is going to kill people, and they want to start a killing ring." They shot 5 people to death one after another, and ordered the guards to dig 16 pits for burying the bodies when they shot people in the future. In the whole factory, 59 people were killed or forced to commit suicide, more than 300 people were injured or maimed, nearly 100 workers were driven crazy and children were scared crazy because their parents were arrested. the

Hong Wenxuan said: In English, China means "porcelain". The Jiangxi Jingdezhen Ceramic Research Institute, known as the "Magnetic Capital", has concentrated the best ceramic researchers in China. In late May, the typhoon "Inspection" blew to the Institute, and 157 researchers were labeled as "current counter-revolutionaries" and "Chinese Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Army." Torture is the subject of the matter. Director Fu Dexin and a female interpreter were wronged to death, and many people were injured and disabled. In December 1968, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute and Ceramic Research Institute were abolished by the Provincial Revolutionary Committee.

More than 600 people from various research institutes of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were falsely accused of being spies, of whom more than 200 were "separated and inspected", 2 were beaten to death, 10 were maimed, and 4 committed suicide, including a woman who returned from the United States in 1949. Scientist Lei Hongshu; another 9 people were rescued by suicide.

Xiao Guangyan, a researcher at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, returned from the United States in 1950 and became an "internal control rightist" in 1957; now he has the title of "counter-revolutionary spy". In October 1968, he committed suicide by taking sleeping pills in the "cowshed". So the "Worker Propaganda Team" posted "extremely good news", cheered "the great victory of the dictatorship of the proletariat", and pulled Xiao Guangyan's wife Zhen Suhui, a teacher at Dalian Maritime University who was reforming through labor on the farm, and asked her to "continue to explain ". Zhen Suhui asked for leave to go home on the grounds of visiting her daughter, whom she had not seen for many days, and died of taking medicine together with her 15-year-old daughter. The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and the "Propaganda Team" of Dalian Maritime University jointly set up a "special case team" to investigate the "secret group centered on Xiao Guangyan", implicating dozens of people at once. Mao Yuanxin, Mao Zedong's nephew, discovered that this was a good example of "the working class occupying scientific research departments", and published his "experience" in the "People's Daily".

Talking about the cruel "Qing team" in the education and scientific circles, Hong Wenxuan told Shen Zhirui about the great horror of "Qing team" in the literary and art circles. The "dictatorship army" in the study classes organized by Sichuan provincial literary and art organizations beat and killed 7 people in a few months, including the famous movie actor Feng Zhe. More than 40 people were injured. In Zhuan County, there were too many cases of beatings to death, maiming and wounding. Famous Sichuan opera actors Zhang Decheng and Qiong Lianfang all died in such a tragic way. The mother of Fu Bing, a librarian at the Central Academy of Drama, and a female writer, Xie Bingying, went to teach at Taiwan Normal University after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and never came back; With such parents, Fu Bing is a natural object of "clearing the team" of the Drama Academy. After a fight, she committed suicide by jumping off a building. The school sent electricity to his father symbol: "Fu Bing, the daughter of a counter-revolutionary and rightist symbol, opposed the struggle of the revolutionary masses, cut herself off from the people, and committed suicide by jumping off a building."

Shen Zhirui talked about the "clearing team" in Shanghai's literary and art circles:

After Jiang Qing said "Shanghai People's Art is still an old guy occupying the stage, the worst thing is", Gao Zhongshi, head of the Shanghai People's Art Troupe, was tortured for three consecutive days to extract a confession and committed suicide. In March, Shanghai authorities announced the detention of Zhou Xinfang, a well-known Peking opera actress, and her son Zhou Shaolin was also arrested. His wife said to her daughter-in-law: "Don't cry, everything is over." She went on a hunger strike and died three days later.

On March 13, 1968, "Holding High the Great Red Banner of Mao Zedong Thought and Exposing He Luting's Anti-Party and Anti-Socialist Crimes Television Struggle Conference" was held in Shanghai. A week later, the "Shanghai Municipal Law Command" arrested He Luting, the president of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. On April 4, the Revolutionary Committee of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music detained He Luting's daughter, He Xiaoqiu, a student at the conservatory, for interrogation. On the 6th, He Xiaoqiu committed suicide after leaving a suicide note.

45-year-old Zhang Haimo, a playwright at Beijing Film Studio, was put into a sack, sealed, and beaten to death in the studio on May 16, 1968. Yan Fengying, a famous Huangmei opera actor of a generation, could not bear the humiliation and committed suicide at the age of 37.

In November, two "outsiders" came from the Shanghai Film Studio, specifying that they wanted to interrogate the actress Shangguan Yunzhu who was detained in the "cowshed". Some people say that Shangguan Yunzhu is a lurking strategic agent of the Kuomintang. Lao Mao has interviewed her 7 times alone, and she is working on Chairman Mao's intelligence. They ordered her to "write down that period of history" every day and hand it over the next morning. When Shangguan Yunzhu returned to the "cowshed", actresses Wang Danfeng and Huang Zongying found her behaving abnormally, but they couldn't find out the reason. That night, she jumped from the window of her home and committed suicide.

The Peking opera "Shajiabang", one of the model revolutionary operas, is adapted from the Shanghai opera "Ludang Tinder". Tan Yuanquan, a young worker at the Shanghai Steel Pipe Factory, didn't understand that "Shajiabang" had become Jiang Qing's patent model, and the original Shanghai opera could no longer be staged. He organized with several lovers of Shanghai opera and performed "Ludang Tinder" in the alley. In September 1969, someone reported the incident to Xu Jingxian. Xu Jingxian said at the meeting of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee, "This is not an ordinary act, this is an active counter-revolutionary act of destroying model operas." All four lovers of Shanghai Opera were arrested. Xu Jingxian said that the death penalty should be imposed, and Tan Yuanquan died at the gunpoint of the "dictatorship of the proletariat".

At this time, the old driver interjected: Almost all returnees from overseas are also targeted for "cleaning up". Among them are famous people from Hong Kong. For example, Fu Qifang and Jiang Yongning, coaches of the national table tennis team, were suspected of being secret agents because they came back from Hong Kong, and they hanged themselves one after another. Rong Guotuan, the table tennis player who won China's first world championship title in 1959, also came back from Hong Kong. He was only 19 years old when he returned to China in 1957, but he was also a "secret agent" suspect. On June 20, he wrote the suicide note "Don't doubt that I am an enemy". Like his coach Fu Qifang, he hanged himself on a locust tree with a rope. He was only 30 years old.

The taxi was crawling slowly. The roads in Hong Kong are not spacious, and sometimes you have to climb hills. The old driver and the two old professors who took the car stopped talking. The sky has completely darkened, the lights are gradually dimming, and the future is dark.