Wake up（173）

 

173

 

Li Tiandao, Chai Jianmin, He Jiafu and Pan Guangfu talked about the events of the Cultural Revolution in Shanghai. He Jiafu said: I remember the People’s Commune was established in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution, and later the Shanghai People’s Commune was renamed the Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee, and then it was “a piece of red” across the country, with revolutionary committees everywhere. I don't know how that happened.

Pan Guangfu once worked as a Hong Kong media reporter, and he answered this question.

As early as October 1966, Jiang Qing and his gang conspired with Nie Yuanzi and others in Beijing to bring down the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. In November, Nie Yuanzi went to Shanghai and publicly clamored to "down with the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee". On November 6, with the support of the Red Guards who went south in Beijing, more than 30 people from Wang Hongwen and Pan Guoping gathered to plan a "concentrated target attack on the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee" and "rebellion against the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee". "Shanghai workers rebelled against the General Headquarters" and held a mass meeting on the 9th, slandering the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee for implementing the "bourgeois reactionary line."

The establishment of the "General Department of Industry" was not recognized by the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. Wang Hongwen and others organized a petition parade. Without any results, they also claimed to go to Beijing to petition. On the 10th, Wang Hongwen and others led a crowd to block trains lying on the tracks at Anting Railway Station in the suburbs of Shanghai, causing the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway traffic to be interrupted for more than 30 hours. Afterwards, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee reported to the Central Committee in time, and the Cultural Revolutionary Committee of the Central Committee sent Zhang Chunqiao to Shanghai to deal with the incident. Zhang Chunqiao supported the incident and recognized the "General Division of Industry" as a legitimate revolutionary organization. In early and late December, Wang Hongwen and others successively created the siege of the "Liberation Daily" incident that lasted for seven days and seven nights and the "Kangping Road Incident" that besieged the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee.

On January 20, 1967, Zhang Chunqiao and others instigated more than 20 rebel organizations including the "Shanghai General Department of Industry" to set up a "preparatory meeting for the overthrow of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee" in Shanghai. On the 4th and 5th, Shanghai's "Wen Wei Po" and "Liberation Daily" were successively seized by the rebels. On January 4th, Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan returned to Shanghai as "investigators of the Central Cultural Revolution Group" to deal with the problems of the "Cultural Revolution". This was a good opportunity for them to directly command and control the power seizure activities in Shanghai. When Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan got off the plane, they had secret talks with Xu Jingxian, Wang Chenglong, and the heads of the General Department of Industry, inciting them to say: "There is no need to have any illusions about the municipal party committee." "The basic problem now is to wrest the leadership from the capitalist roaders." Come back" and "control the key departments".

Under the plan of Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, on January 6, Xu Jingxian, Wang Hongwen and his gang pretended to be various rebels in Shanghai and held a "total defeat of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Headed by Chen Pixian and Cao Diqiu" in Shanghai People's Square. Cao Diqiu, Wei Wenbo, Yang Xiguang and others dragged hundreds of senior cadres from all over the city to the venue to criticize them. The meeting also issued three orders, announcing that Cao Diqiu would no longer be recognized as the secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Secretariat and the mayor of Shanghai; Chen Pixian must confess to the rebel organization within 7 days that the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee headed by Chen Pixian and Cao Diqiu must be completely overthrown. According to Zhang Chunqiao's arrangement, Xu Jingxian submitted the speeches and orders of the meeting to Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after the meeting.

After this meeting, they further set off a vicious wave of wearing high hats, parading, and fighting in the whole city, persecuting cadres at all levels and the masses on a large scale. It was in the hands of Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.

While bringing down the party and government organizations at all levels in Shanghai, Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan were planning to establish their own city-wide political organization. After January 6, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen successively established organizations such as the "Fire Line Headquarters", the "Proletarian Cultural Revolution Defense Committee", and the "Rebel Organization Liaison Station". leadership.

The power grab in Shanghai was supported by Mao Zedong. On January 8, in a conversation with members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, Mao Zedong spoke highly of the power-seizure activities in Shanghai, saying: "This is a class overthrowing a class. This is a great revolution." , there is hope for the whole country. It cannot but affect the whole of East China, and all provinces and cities across the country.” “Don’t believe that if Butcher Zhang is dead, you can eat live pigs.” This talk actually became a call for a comprehensive seizure of power across the country.

On January 10, Mao Zedong instructed the Central Cultural Revolutionary Committee to draft a congratulatory message to the revolutionary rebel groups in Shanghai, pointing out that "their policies and actions are correct, calling on the party, government, military, and people across the country to learn from Shanghai's experience and act in unison. stand up."

On January 11, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, and the Central Cultural Revolution Group sent a "congratulatory message to 32 revolutionary mass organizations including the Shanghai Workers' Revolutionary Rebel Headquarters."

After Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan got the news of Mao Zedong's speech and the congratulatory message from the central government, they immediately ordered Xu Jingxian and others to gather the leaders of various mass organizations to hold a meeting overnight at the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and read out the central congratulatory message. Under careful planning, hundreds of thousands of people participated in the "Celebration of the Central Committee's Congratulatory Message and the New Counterattack Swearing-in Meeting for Completely Smashing the Bourgeois Reactionary Line".

Just as Zhang Chunqiao and others ran around ecstatically for the "victory" of the "January Seizure of Power" campaign, some people who were extremely dissatisfied with their power seizure rose up and launched a struggle to "bomb Zhang Chunqiao".

On January 24, the Red Guards of Fudan University and other universities put up big-character posters such as "One Ask Zhang Chunqiao", "Why—20 Questions to Zhang Chunqiao" and "Resolutely oppose the current establishment led by Zhang Chunqiao" on the Bund and Nanjing Road in Shanghai. The new municipal party committee!" slogan. On the 26th, the "Red Leather Society" forced Xu Jingxian to explain Zhang Chunqiao's problems, and Zhang Chunqiao dispatched a garrison force to threaten him. This aroused the great anger of some Red Guards who were dissatisfied with Zhang Chunqiao. On the 28th, the "Red Leather Society" held a meeting and decided to further bombard Zhang Chunqiao. They fought face-to-face with Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan for six hours, asking Zhang Chunqiao "Why did you suppress the Red Guards?", "What did you do in the 1930s? "etc.

On the evening of the 29th, the "Red Leather Society" and other organizations held the "Bombard Zhang Chunqiao Pledge Meeting" in the auditorium of Fudan University, and decided to hold a city-wide "Bombard Zhang Chunqiao" meeting in Shanghai People's Square the next day, and held a demonstration. With the support of Chen Boda and Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao quickly suppressed him, and then brutally persecuted the young people who participated in the shelling activities.

After the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was destroyed and disobedient mass organizations were gradually eliminated, Zhang Chunqiao and others began to prepare for their own political power.

On January 14, 1967, "Wen Wei Po" published an editorial titled "Dead Butcher Zhang, Don't Eat Mixed Pigs". The editorial said: "Revolutionary rebels in many units rose up and seized power. This is a sign of the great victory of the proletarian revolutionary line represented by Chairman Mao, and a sign of the death of the bourgeois reactionary line." It also declared: "The leadership of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the leadership of newspapers and other allusive tools, and the leadership of the economic lifeline must be resolutely and without hesitation completely wrested from the hands of those bourgeois gentlemen."

In the process of building a new regime, Zhang Chunqiao arrogantly imitated Lenin's October Revolution many times, and called their actions "January Revolution". What is the victory of the "January Revolution", "just like the liberation of Shanghai by the Chinese People's Liberation Army on May 27, 1949, will always be remembered in the hearts of the people of Shanghai", "The Shanghai People's Commune smashed the old government that was seized by the bourgeoisie. The new local powers produced by the state apparatus". On January 19, Wang Hongwen was ordered by Zhang Chunqiao to convene a meeting of some leaders of rebel organizations, and decided to establish a new power organization in accordance with the principles of the Paris Commune, named "New Shanghai Commune". Later Zhang Chunqiao agreed with Chen Boda and Wang Li to change its name to "Shanghai People's Commune".

In the middle of the same month, Xu Jingxian had four huge slogans hang up on a high-rise building on the Bund, which read: "Welcome Comrade Zhang Chunqiao as the first secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee!" "Welcome Comrade Yao Wenyuan as the second secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee!" "Welcome Comrade Zhang Chunqiao as the Mayor of Shanghai!" "Welcome Comrade Yao Wenyuan as Deputy Mayor of Shanghai!"

On January 23, the "Shanghai Revolutionary Rebel Liaison Station" was officially established. On January 26, the People's Liberation Army troops stationed in Shanghai followed the instructions of the Central Committee's leftists to hold a city-wide parade, and dispatched planes to spread leaflets, saying that they "resolutely defend the leftists from seizing power with guns."

On January 31, the third issue of the "Red Flag" magazine controlled by Chen Boda published the editorial "On the Power Seizure Struggle of the Proletarian Revolutionary Faction", which was the first time that the term "January Revolution" appeared in newspapers. The article said that seizing power from the capitalist roaders "this great storm of revolution started from Shanghai."

On February 5, the "Shanghai People's Commune" was formally established. At the inaugural meeting held in People's Square, the "Shanghai People's Commune" declaration "Long live the victory of the January Revolution!" revised by Zhang and Yao was passed. ("Declaration"), issued the "No. 1 General Order", and the "Declaration" stated: "The most central task of all our tasks is to seize power. If we want to seize power, we must completely seize it, and we must seize it 100%", " We must count and seize the party power and political power of all party and government organs at the city, district, and county levels, as well as factories, enterprises, institutions, rural people's communes, shops, schools, streets, etc., that have been seized by those in power within the party who are taking the capitalist road. The power, financial power, and cultural power are all seized! If the goal is not achieved, we will not give up!" Zhang Chunqiao proudly said at the meeting that the establishment of the "Shanghai People's Commune" marked the end of the bourgeois dictatorship implemented by the old Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal People's Committee. , signifying that the broad masses of the proletariat in Shanghai have seized power and come to power.” "Circular No. 1" stated: "Sentence the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and Municipal People's Committee to death and deprive them of all powers" and "All powers belong to the Shanghai People's Commune Provisional Committee." Announced: "Anyone who opposes Chairman Mao, Vice Chairman Lin, and the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and destroys the Shanghai People's Commune" will be regarded as "the current counter-revolutionary, and should be arrested immediately and brought to justice."

On February 12, 1967, Mao Zedong talked to Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, and pointed out: "You have taken the name of the People's Commune. Do you want the People's Republic of China in the future? Do you want to change the name of the country? It is called the People's Commune of China! Everyone has changed it. Recognize you or not?" Therefore, Mao Zedong thought it would be better to call it a revolutionary committee. On February 19, the central government issued a special notice telling localities not to use the name People's Commune when establishing a new political organization.

On February 24, the "Shanghai People's Commune" was renamed "Shanghai Revolutionary Committee". Zhang Chunqiao served as the director of the Municipal Revolutionary Association, and Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen, and Xu Jingxian were the deputy directors.

On February 25, "Wen Wei Po" reported the notice of the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee:

Now, according to the instructions in the “Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Propaganda and Reporting Issues in the Power Seizure Struggle”, the Provisional Committee of the Shanghai People’s Commune has discussed the issue of the name of Shanghai’s interim supreme authority. We deeply feel that this instruction fully embodies the central government's greatest concern for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in Shanghai and the greatest love for the revolutionary spirit of the Shanghai people. We resolutely supported the correct instructions of the Central Committee and unanimously approved the renaming of the Provisional Committee of the Shanghai People's Commune as the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee. This new name has now been approved by the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao. This is the greatest happiness and the greatest glory for all of us revolutionary people in Shanghai.

The Shanghai Municipal Revolutionary Committee will hold higher the great red banner of Mao Zedong Thought, continue to carry forward the spirit of the January Revolution, lead the city's proletarian revolutionaries and the city's revolutionary people from victory to victory, carry the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to the end, and temporarily build Shanghai into a A truly great school of Mao Zedong Thought. Declarations, circulars, circulars, decisions, resolutions and all other documents promulgated by the former Shanghai People's Commune Provisional Committee shall continue to be effective, and the people of the whole city must earnestly abide by them.

Pan Guangfu said: Since then, there has been a trend of seizing power all over the country, and the situation of great turmoil has become more serious.