Wake up（185）

 

185

 

During the Cultural Revolution, the army had been involved in "supporting the left" in various places, and later added "supporting industry" and "supporting agriculture", thus creating the so-called important tasks of the PLA during the "Cultural Revolution" period: "three branches". However, during this period, measures of "military training" and "military management" were introduced to control the national situation. "Three Branches and Two Armies", this is Mao Zedong's invention, and it is also the first in the world's military history.

Lin Huiting told Chai Jianmin, He Jiafu, Li Tiandao and several other elderly people that "military training" is a new measure of Mao Zedong's attempt to use the army to control the chaotic situation in universities and middle schools.

The original "military training" was a temporary training method for students going to Beijing when Mao Zedong received a large-scale interview with the "Red Guards" in the summer of 1966. Later, it was used in schools above middle school all over the country.

From August to November 1966, students from all over the country flocked to Beijing like a tide. In the city’s government agencies, schools, and vacant houses, there were temporary berths everywhere, overcrowded, and millions of students who went to Beijing wandered around all day long, unattended .

In October 1966, Mao Zedong issued "Instructions on organizing political and military training for revolutionary teachers and students coming to Beijing from other places." He said: "The army is responsible for organizing revolutionary teachers and students who come to Beijing from other places into platoons, companies, battalions, regiments, and divisions according to the establishment of the People's Liberation Army. Once they are organized, they will be trained, learn politics, learn from the People's Liberation Army, and learn from Comrade Lin Biao and Zhou Enlai. In the Prime Minister's speech, learn the three major disciplines and eight points of attention, learn the 38th style of the PLA, learn the formation formation, learn the basic movements of the formation, and learn the pace. Everyone must learn the songs of the three major disciplines and the eight points of attention, so that revolutionaries in other places Teachers and students accepted the review in an orderly manner."

Troops in the area at that time were sent into primary and secondary schools. Teachers in elementary and middle schools are responsible for the living arrangements of students going to Beijing from other places, such as accommodation and meals, while the army is responsible for organizing training for two or three hours a day for students from other places, teaching them some basic movements of standing in line and walking, mainly to improve the students' organizational skills. Discipline.

These "military training" were originally a temporary measure for students going to Beijing. Maybe later Mao Zedong felt that this method could be used to control students, especially to help restore order in schools above middle schools across the country.

At that time, middle schools across the country were basically in a state of chaos. The school had lost its ability to manage, the school was closed, and the students had nothing to do all day long.

In December 1966, after the central government announced the end of the "big tandem", tens of millions of middle school students could no longer go to other places to "tandem" for fun, and they stayed on campus and had no classes to attend. In order to cope with this chaotic situation, in December 1966 Mao Zedong published a talk on "About Sending Military Cadres to Train Teachers and Students in Schools": "The method of sending military cadres to train revolutionary teachers and students is very good. Training is very different from not training. In this way To do this, you can learn politics and military affairs from the PLA, learn the four firsts, learn the 38 style, learn the three major disciplines and eight points of attention, and strengthen organizational discipline. The experience of sending cadres to train revolutionary teachers and students in the Beijing Army is very good. It is effective and should be promoted nationwide.”

Therefore, from 1967 onwards, the army gradually sent cadres and soldiers to middle schools in various places to organize military training and manage middle school students.

Mao Zedong saw the benefits of "military training", and on February 19, 1967, he further expanded the scope of "military training" to "party, government, military, and civilian institutions. Except for the elderly, middle-aged and young people must implement military training. sky".

One month later, on March 7, Lao Mao asked the military trainers to "participate in the work of starting school, rectifying the organization, establishing a three-in-one leading body, and implementing struggle, criticism, and reform."

According to statistics, "In the 20 days from January 20 to February 10, 1967, the troops stationed in Beijing alone dispatched more than 4,000 cadres, and more than 22,600 teachers and students were sent to five famous colleges and universities including Peking University and Tsinghua University. , conducted short-term training. After that, the number of personnel sent by the whole army to carry out the task of "military training" gradually increased, and the number of participating schools and institutions also increased significantly. In April 1967 alone, the whole army sent out personnel to carry out the task of "military training" That is to say, there were more than 53,000 people, and 3,091 schools received military training. By the second quarter of 1968, the number of schools receiving "military training" across the country had soared to more than 11,700."