Wake up（151）

 

151

 

Saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, time never stops moving forward, people grow up, mature and get old irresistibly, this is life; the past, you can't easily forget, the beautiful tomorrow you yearn for, you will continue to look forward to, this is human nature.

But thousands of lies will always make the ground a prison, allowing the people to live in terror and ignorance for the rest of their lives. When you stretch out your hand to capture the momentary freedom, the freedom is quietly lost at your fingertips. Before I even had time to see clearly what freedom is, freedom has long gone away, and it never even existed. There is only a trace of sadness left, whispering in the wind.

Although He Jiafu and Li Tiandao do not want to recall the past, the two old people are caught in the lingering memory of the Cultural Revolution. No matter how long the years have passed, the past, the memories, and the fleeting years are tainted with vicissitudes, just like fingers. The quicksand that can't be held by the tip is looking for its belonging.

Li Tiandao said to He Jiafu: "What we age is not youth, but age; what we mature is not the heart, but the mind; what we pass away is not the memory, but the years; what we leave behind is not the life, but the memory."

He Jiafu agreed with Li Tiandao's statement.

Li Tiandao said: "In my memory, from December 15, 1964 to January 14, 1965, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a working meeting in Beijing. It was the meeting of 7,000 people. Mao Zedong proposed before the meeting that every Every member of the Politburo Standing Committee has to give a speech at the meeting. But the speeches of several members of the Standing Committee are arranged at the later stage of the meeting. For Mao Zedong, what the members of the Standing Committee said in their speeches, whether it is true or false, depends on the What kind of position, point of view and thinking he has is very important to him. Therefore, he does not advocate the method of preaching according to the scriptures, but speaks extemporaneously, speaks casually, speaks the truth, and expresses his own point of view.”

Li Tiandao said that in the speeches of the Standing Committee members, there were three "bright spots" that attracted Mao Zedong's great attention. One is Liu Shaoqi's speech; the other is Lin Biao's speech; the last highlight is that Chen Yun, an "expert" in economic work who should have spoken at the conference, refused to speak at the invitation of Mao Zedong.

To sum up, many of Liu Shaoqi's speeches touched Mao Zedong's most sensitive nerves, but what Mao Zedong found most unacceptable and intolerable was his sharp evaluation of the wrong nature of the "three red flags". "Three parts are natural disasters, seven parts are man-made disasters." This kind of evaluation was not made by Liu Shaoqi directly, but by borrowing the words of ordinary people. Liu Shaoqi impassionedly pointed the finger at Mao Zedong's "finger theory": "In the past, we often compared our shortcomings, mistakes, and achievements to the relationship between one finger and nine fingers. I'm afraid we can't do it like this everywhere now. . . . The relationship between shortcomings and achievements cannot be said to be the relationship between one finger and nine fingers, but probably the relationship between three fingers and seven fingers."

The series of views presented by Liu Shaoqi seem to show his care for the people and his opposition to the "three red flags" proposed by Mao Zedong.

Li Tiandao said to He Jiafu:

Of course, Lao Mao saw clearly at a glance the true face of this partner who had followed him for many years and his intended successor. It was time for Lao Mao to break up with Liu Shaoqi.

Li Tiandao sighed and said that with the passage of time, practice tests, and objective comparisons, the 1990s, when the public intellectuals were raging against Mao, poured a lot of dirty water on Lao Mao. However, with the passage of time, the macroclimate and microclimate of speaking for Lao Mao are being formed. The Chinese grassroots once again called on the great leader Chairman Mao, and demanded that our leader Chairman Mao be returned to his historical innocence.

Li Tiandao said to He Jiafu: "Recently, I have seen many articles on the Internet to whitewash Mao. For example, there is an article comparing Mao Liu's speech before and after the Great Leap Forward."

Li Tiandao turned on his phone and searched for this article. He said to He Jiafu: Let’s see what this article says today:

Bo Yibo's article "Review of Several Major Decisions and Events" published by the Central Party History Publishing House stated that Chairman Mao's goal of "surpassing Britain and catching up with the United States" proposed in 1958 was: We strive to be in the steel industry in 15 years or longer. And other heavy industrial products to catch up with or exceed the United Kingdom, 50 years to catch up with or exceed the United States. However, China's steel production was indeed on par with Britain 15 years after Chairman Mao proposed "surpassing Britain and catching up with the United States" (1972), surpassed Britain 17 years later (1975), and reached 31.78 million tons in 1978. It even surpassed the highest annual steel production in British history.

In the 1993 edition of "Mao Zedong's Theory and Practice in His Later Years" published by China Encyclopedia Publishing House, Xu Quanxing talked about the high indicators of the Great Leap Forward industry. On July 5, 1958, Liu Shaoqi talked with workers at the Shijingshan Power Plant in Beijing and said: "It will not take more than ten years to catch up with the UK. It will be enough in two or three years. It is not a lie to surpass the UK in the next year or the next year. Fifteen The problem of surpassing the United States in one year, in fact, it will not take fifteen years, seven or eight years will do. Why are you so motivated! Regardless of commuting to and from work, it counts when you finish. With such energy, I think seven or eight years will do.”

Obviously Mao Liu's statement is not consistent. Regarding the exaggerated style of agriculture in the Great Leap Forward, Mao and Liu also have very different opinions.

On August 4, 1958, "Guangming Daily" published news: From July 14 to 18, 1958, Liu Shaoqi visited Shouzhang County, Shandong Province. Comrade Shaoqi, after visiting Taiqian Co., Ltd., which will produce 30,000 to 50,000 catties of corn per mu, 30,000 to 50,000 catties of millet, 300,000 catties of sweet potatoes and 15,000 catties of seed cotton per mu in Hongwei Society, praised them and said: : "You overwhelmed scientists, they didn't dare to think, you did it, this is a revolution."

And Xu Quanxing's "The Theory and Practice of Mao Zedong's Later Years" said that when Chairman Mao saw the photos from the "People's Daily" of front-line leaders happily inspecting the rice fields with an output of 110,000 catties per mu in Jixian County, Tianjin, he immediately shook his head and said: baby Come down, the higher you stand, the harder you fall. Chairman Mao went on to say: Bragging is unreliable. I have planted land, and the yield per mu is 100,000 catties, so it can't be piled up! On November 22, 1958, Chairman Mao had a long talk with Wu Lengxi, then president of the People’s Daily, about the propaganda reports of the People’s Daily and Xinhua News Agency. Wu Lengxi recalled in his article "Recalling Chairman Mao", Chairman Mao said: Leaping forward is a good thing, but exaggeration is not good." However, front-line leaders would not listen.

The conversation between Li Tiandao and He Jiafu turned to the communist style of the Great Leap Forward.

The style of communism during the Great Leap Forward refers to the fact that all members of the rural villages eat collective canteens, "one leveling and two adjustments", merging large communes means merging one commune into one large commune, or even merging a county into one large commune. The treatment is equal to that of the poor team, and even in one village, the male and female players sleep separately, and the whole family is not allowed to sleep together, so as to facilitate group work.

On June 14, 1958, in a conversation with the head of the All-China Women's Federation party organization, Liu Shaoqi regarded life service organizations such as nurseries and public canteens as "everyone tends towards communism." He advocated the socialization of housework, the liberation of women's labor force, and the establishment of service businesses such as canteens, nurseries, and laundry rooms. Liu Shaoqi said: "Many businesses can be started, as utopian socialists say, children can go wherever they are, there are gardens everywhere, nursing homes for the elderly, theaters, primary schools, libraries, cinemas... We can achieve this situation if we do it well. We will not be far from communism, we can catch up with the United States in 15 years, and China can enter communism in another 40 or 50 years.”

On July 19, 1958, Liu Shaoqi proposed in a speech in Tianjin: "When merging societies, 'one township, one society', and 'political and social integration'." He said: "One township, one society. It can’t be included, because there is industry, agriculture, schools, commerce, and militias, and children are also managed by others. In fact, it is the basic structure of communism. This is an organized commune, with industry, agriculture, and schools. , birth, old age, sickness and death are all here, this is a communist commune."

On September 18, 1958, "People's Daily" published Kang Zhuo's article "Comrade Shaoqi in Xushui". "Book of Great Harmony" went to Xushui County, Hebei Province to set up a pilot communist commune. From September 10th to 11th, 1958, Liu Shaoqi visited Xushui, Hebei Province, a pilot county of communist commune, and gave many instructions. Biggest encouragement and praise. As a result, by the time Li Xiannian, then Vice Premier of the State Council, visited Xushui on September 13, Xushui County had realized "one county, one commune, and the integration of county and commune into one."

On October 17, 1958, "People's Daily" published Li Xiannian's "What the People's Commune Sees" and reported that: "One county has one commune, that is, one county has one commune. It used to be that the income of each commune team was uniformly handed over to the county, and the expenditure was uniformly approved and allocated by the county. The supply standards and wage levels were basically the same across the county. There is not a single small trader in Xushui County, and they all implement the supply system.

Li Tiandao said to He Jiafu: This was the "communist style" at that time. A county established a commune to equalize the treatment of the rich and poor teams, and practiced absolute egalitarianism, "bringing down the communist style."

On September 24, 1958, "People's Daily" published the article "Comrade Shaoqi elaborated several conditions for the transition to communism during his inspection in Henan": From September 16 to 18, 1958, Liu Shaoqi visited Henan and "heard the Xinxiang Qiliying People's Commune, Xiuwu People's Commune, and Suiping People's Commune Party Committees reported and made important instructions." Liu Shaoqi specifically reported on the instructions and reports made by the Party Committees of Xinxiang Qiliying People's Commune, Xiuwu People's Commune, and Suiping People's Commune Not specific. However, according to the investigation report that Mao Zedong sent Wu Lengxi and Tian Jiaying to lead the investigation team to Qiliying People’s Commune and Xiuwu People’s Commune in Xinxiang in October 1958, it can be verified that the consequences of Liu Shaoqi’s instructions are: one commune for one county, and unified accounting for the whole county , Unify income and expenditure, share profits and losses, equalize rich and poor teams; implement ownership by the whole people, implement a supply system, implement 16 packs; implement family elimination, separate men, women, old and young into classes, work separately, live separately, etc.

Wu Lengxi's "Recalling Chairman Mao" published by Xinhua Publishing House in 1995 said: After listening to Wu Lengxi and Tian Jiaying's report on the facts of Qiliying and other places where Liu Shaoqi visited, Chairman Mao commented on the "communist style" :

(1) One commune per county is too big.

Equal distribution will damage the enthusiasm of rich teams and cooperatives, and "distribution according to work" should still be implemented. We are still practicing socialism or distribution according to work. Do everything that is conducive to the development of production, and do nothing that is not conducive to the development of production. The supply system can only be used in public canteens, and management must be strengthened. The combination of coarse and fine grains, dry and thin grains, and busy and slack seasons are different. We must learn to live a life of diligence and frugality, and we must not let go of our stomachs to eat and drink. The supply system during the Yan'an period was a method of wartime communism, and it was a last resort, and it cannot be used as a model for distribution methods.

(2) The closeness of the two types of ownership is a very long historical process, and the two must not be confused. Xiuwu is different from Anshan Iron and Steel. Products cannot be transferred, but can only be exchanged for commodities. It cannot be called ownership by the whole people, but collective ownership.

(3) Didn’t the separation of husbands and wives help the Kuomintang to slander us? Wherever this kind of nonsense is done, I support the masses to rebel. These cadres have lost their minds. Why doesn't the Communist Party want families anymore? To prohibit breaking up families, it is better to combine large, medium and small families.

(4) Tens of millions of people go to the mountains, the agricultural harvest may be high but not good, and the canteens are free to eat. How can it be possible?

Li Tiandao told He Jiafu: From February 27 to March 5, 1959, at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held in Zhengzhou, Mao Zedong made more severe criticisms of the "communist style". He said: "Since the establishment of the People's Commune in September last year, there has been a wave of communism. There are three main points: one is the equalization of the rich and the poor, the other is too much accumulation, and the third is pigs, chickens and ducks (some of them, some of them all). ) to the commune for free, and some tables, chairs, benches, knives, pans, bowls and chopsticks, etc. to the commune canteen for free, and most of the private plots to the commune... In this way, the wind of communism spread across the country.”

Lao Mao criticized: "It is not allowed to possess the fruits of other people's labor without compensation. We still adopt a redemption policy for the means of production of the national bourgeoisie. How can we deprive farmers of the fruits of labor without compensation? This is actually grabbing property. If you don’t give money, what is it not to rob? If this continues, you will definitely collapse.” He added, “I speak on behalf of 10 million captains and cadres and 500 million peasants, and insist on carrying out right opportunism to the end. If you don’t follow through with me, I will be alone. Carry it out until you are expelled from the party and file a complaint with Marx!"

4. After the Great Leap Forward went wrong, the attitude of the great man to take responsibility was in stark contrast

Although during the Great Leap Forward, Chairman Mao criticized and corrected the wrong practices advocated by the front-line leaders many times, but the front-line leaders were eager to create achievements and could not listen to them at all.

Although the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Wuchang from November 28 to December 1, 1958, according to Mao Zedong's opinion, reviewed and passed the "Resolution on Several Issues Concerning the People's Commune", which is very important to the front-line leaders in "Highly Promoting the People's Commune". The editorial of "Red Flag Going Forward" and the wrong practices advocated by top leaders in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu and other places were criticized, but the front-line leaders still did not listen. In the end, the Great Leap Forward went wrong.

However, after the problem occurred, Lao Mao took the initiative to take responsibility for the front-line leaders in terms of the attitude of taking leadership responsibility for the problem. In 1962, at the meeting of 7,000 people, Chairman Mao took the initiative to criticize himself and said: "I am the chairman of the Central Committee, and I have my share." He reviewed and said: "I am directly responsible for all mistakes made by the Central Committee, and I am responsible for indirect ones. I also have a share because I am the chairman of the Central Committee."

Li Tiandao said to He Jiafu: "These words were published in Bo Yibo's "Review of Several Major Decisions and Events" published by the Central Party History Publishing House. This article compared Mao and Liu's remarks before and after the Great Leap Forward. Restore the Great Leap Forward. The history of the Yuejin period was obviously to wash away the filth and turbid water smeared on Lao Mao, but it also poured dirty water on Chairman Liu. Are the images of the two leaders still so glorious and great?"

The passage of time has taken away our belief and admiration, and the stories left by those years are like a nightmare, which makes people linger.