Wake up（274）

 

274

 

While driving, the taxi driver listened to two old professors, Shen Zhirui and Hong Wenxuan, talking about "cleaning up the class ranks" during the Cultural Revolution. He said: Life is like a moon, and there is a difference between profit and loss. Life is also like this car. Sometimes I feel that I don’t know where to drive, because I will encounter various inexplicable signs and various man-made roadblocks. Those winds blowing in different directions will not be tailwinds. In this life, it is rare to recognize oneself. Your conversations have taught me a lot of vague things about "cleaning up the class ranks". It is really difficult to learn to find a path that suits you in self-consistency.

Shen Zhirui said:

"Cleaning up the class ranks" is a large-scale political persecution of the people under the unified command of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and it is also an unprecedented "class struggle" in the countryside. The achievements of the movement in various places are measured by the number of "digging out" various "enemies", and the number is unprecedented and unprecedented. Nearly 30 million people were dragged across the country. the

In order to deter the enemy, all kinds of elements are generally paraded through the streets. What Ruili County, Yunnan is doing is not parading the streets, but letting the common people "watch" all kinds of elements. Before watching, put the sacks on the members with their crimes written on them, and beat and kicked them. Then let them kneel and bow their heads for people to "watch". Due to the large number of "molecules", "the county grain bureau has almost run out of commodity sacks."

More common is to parade in the streets: each "element" hangs up a sign indicating its "identity" one by one, and is released from prison and paraded. Generally, there are tens of thousands of people fighting in a county. For example, in Yinjiang County, Guizhou, "more than 9,150 innocent people, cadres and workers were bound, hung, beaten, denounced and imprisoned in the Qing team."

In Xin'an County, Henan Province, in June, the "Dig out Traitors and Secret Service Agents, Clean Up the Swearing-in Meeting of Class Teams" was held, and all kinds of elements were paraded in the streets. More than 10,000 people were detained in the "study class for cleaning up class ranks". There are a total of 460,000 people in Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province, and more than 11,000 "study classes" have been held. All kinds of "molecules" put up signs every day and took to the streets to parade. "By the end of the year, there were more than 18,000 people arrested in the county."

In Jiangsu Province, more than 14,600 people were killed during the "red typhoon" in Wujin County. In Rugao County, "a total of 23,345 people in the county were arrested." Gaoyou County Military Management Committee began to "clear the team" in July. elements, traitors, spies, and reactionary believers.” Rudong County started the “People’s War of Fighting Against the Enemy” in early June, and more than 15,000 people were arrested, of which more than 8,400 people were designated as “contradiction between the enemy and ourselves.”

The provinces are evenly matched. Except for a very few counties, the number of fights generally exceeds 10,000. For example, in Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province, more than 11,000 "class enemies" of various types were cleared out. In Wuyi County, in September, "the 'clear team' movement was launched, and 11,471 people were censored and criticized."

In Heping County, Guangdong Province, "there were more than 12,000 people who were arrested and fought in the county." In Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, more than 10,000 people were fought in the "People's War against the Qing Army". In Ankang County, more than 11,000 "class enemies" were cleaned up, and more than 8,500 of them were designated as "contradiction between ourselves and the enemy." the

In Xinjin County, Sichuan Province, "more than 10,000 people were arrested and fought." After "censoring" and fighting more than 10,000 people in Shifang County, they announced that more than 2,600 "elements" of various types were cleared out.

Only in small counties with a small population, the number of people fighting is less than 10,000. In Daxin County, Guangxi, with a total population of 200,000, more than 3,000 people were "caught out". In Qimen County, Anhui Province, which has 120,000 people, 2,648 people were arrested. In Ganquan County, Shaanxi Province, with a population of 32,500, 1,155 "class enemies" were cleared, and 8 committed suicide.

Taking the people's commune as the unit, a commune has hundreds of people. For example, Wujiang Commune in Yueyang County "trained and reviewed" more than 600 people.

In more than 2,000 counties and tens of thousands of people's communes across the country, more than 20 million people were persecuted. In addition to hundreds of large, medium and small cities, a total of 30 million people were denounced and persecuted in the "clearance team".

Hong Wenxuan took Shen Zhirui's words and said to the old driver:

Two Kuomintang generals came out of Dawangqiao Village, Guangrao County, Shandong Province. Li Yannian was the general who fought against the Japanese invaders in Taierzhuang. When he was stationed in Xuzhou, the common people donated money to build the "Yannian Bridge". Li Yutang was the commander of the Kuomintang's Hainan Island garrison. In 1949, he contacted Ye Jianying's department of the Communist Party of China and decided to lead an uprising, but failed due to incidents. Li Yannian was shot in Taiwan. In the spring of 1968, before Li Yannian was recognized as a martyr by the CCP, anyone who had a little connection with the Li family was arrested. Who led the horse and husband for the Li family? Whose grandpa celebrated the birthday of Li Yannian's nanny? Whose father went to Li's house to drink? Zhuangzi with 500 households found more than 200 people. At night, the street-sweeping team of more than 200 people can't stand in the alleys of the village.

Hong Wenxuan said to the old driver again:

Former landlords and rich peasants who had long since left the countryside were dragged back to struggle. Mi Gu, a cartoonist who hosted the "Manga" magazine for ten years, lost his father at the age of four and was raised by his widowed mother. He was branded as a "reactionary academic authority" and sent to Tuanbowa Farm in Jinghai County after being denounced. In September 1968, my mother, who stayed at home in Beijing, was taken away by people from her hometown of Haining, Zhejiang, and was criticized day and night for being a "landlord wife". At the end of the month, the old mother hanged herself.

The old driver said:

In my impression, there was a word that was popular at that time, something called "a person who slipped through the net", and the most used words were "rightists who slipped through the net" and "counter-revolutionaries who slipped through the net". In the ranks of class cleanups across the country, the "leavers" who are uncovered are all "newly dug out class enemies." For example, in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, Liu Shaoqi's hometown, nearly 10,000 class enemies were newly dug up in the "Qing Team". In Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, "nearly a thousand hostile class elements were newly dug out." A friend of mine told me that he lived in Yijinhuoluo Banner, Inner Mongolia. Around February 1969, new "class enemies" were "dug out" in the whole banner 6666 people. During the criticism and torture, some died immediately, some were seriously injured and died later after long-term treatment was invalid, and some were disabled. "

Hong Wenxuan said, you are right. At that time, in order to prevent "leaking through the net", the "clearing team" also set up a "mass dictatorship headquarters."

The old driver said: I have heard of it, but I don't know why this headquarters was established.

Hong Wenxuan explained:

Mao Zedong said: "The dictatorship is the dictatorship of the masses." That is, the "revolutionary masses" have the right to exercise dictatorship over the so-called "counter-revolutionaries." Therefore, in accordance with Mao Zedong's instructions, "mass dictatorship headquarters" were established at all levels in various places. For example, in Wannian County, Jiangxi Province, there were a total of 210,000 people, and 8,107 "class enemies" were caught at once, and all of them were sent to the countryside for "labour reform". "All the 'class enemies' found out by 'deep digging' were tortured, framed to extort confessions, and tortured into tricks." Kneeling on tiles, sitting on a tiger bench, making jets, electric shock, red iron iron, feeding manure, boiling water topping, wearing a sheepskin coat to bask in the sun on a hot day, etc. A female doctor in the Dahuang Commune was falsely accused of being an "current counter-revolutionary" ’, they were caught, touched their nipples with electricity, poured boiling water on their vaginas, and passed out on the spot. It was unbearable to watch. According to statistics from the Public Security Bureau, 214 people were beaten to death or persecuted to death in the county.”

In May 1968, the "Mass Dictatorship Headquarters" in Xiangning County, Shanxi "randomly arrested and fought, paraded through the streets, and beat more than 1,200 cadres and the masses, including killing 26 people and injuring and maiming more than 50 people." In June, arrested A group of middle school students tortured to extract confessions, killed 3 people and injured and disabled more than 10 people.

Hong Wenxuan further explained:

Some places are not called "Mass Dictatorship Headquarters", the name has changed, and what they do is the same as "Mass Dictatorship Headquarters". For example, after the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province on May 1, the "Cultural Attack and Military Defense Headquarters" was established. The headquarters did not direct the fighting, but successively imprisoned 6,425 people, including 181 who were severely injured, and 59 who were killed, murdered, or committed suicide.

The old driver held the steering wheel, but his mind was in a mess.

Shen Zhirui added:

At that time, the rebels were also "cleaned up". In fact, no matter which faction in the Cultural Revolution, including the Red Guards, rebels, and conservatives, there was no attempt to rebel against the Communist Party. They pose no threat to the dictatorship of the proletariat. The rebel faction has been disarmed, but the heads of the provincial and municipal revolutionary committees who are in power, without exception, use the "clearance" to liquidate those who joined the failed faction and those who fought against party cadres in the early days of the movement. , Repression.

Most of those who were arrested after the Central Military Commission issued the "Eight Orders" in February 1967 and were released after the "Ten Orders" were issued in April 1967 were targeted for "cleaning up". For example, in Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, more than 1,000 people were detained on the charges of "beating, smashing, looting and arresting elements" and "bad leaders of the rebels". "Since then, the rebel organization has disintegrated."

Old workers were also "cleaned up"

Shen Zhirui continued:

Workers were not the target of the Cultural Revolution, but Mao Zedong had instructed that "the Cultural Revolution is a continuation of the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party."

For example, the Beijing No. 7 Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory was one of the so-called "six factories and two schools" that Mao Zedong personally grasped. Lao Mao sent the 8341 troops of the Beijing Garrison to enter the factory in September 1968 to implement military control. The military propaganda team was in charge, and Xinhua News Agency sent personnel to help sum up the experience, and produced a report "Conscientiously Implementing Chairman Mao's Policy of Struggle Against the Enemy, Cleaning Up and Transforming Class Enemies", which was published and distributed nationwide as a study document for the "clearing the team" movement , let the whole country do the same. The Army Propaganda Team claimed that the factory had "a complex reactionary force with multiple lines, a wide range of areas, and deep roots." Among the workers and cadres who were dealt with more cases, 32 people wore various hats and "mass dictatorship" in the factory, and 4 "counter-revolutionary elements" were arrested and imprisoned, forcing 14 old workers to commit suicide. Those who said "Jiang Qing may not be always correct", those who accidentally wrote the riddle of "rotten meat and good wine" in Zhou Enlai and Jiang Qing's speech booklets, or those who had accidents in production, were all wearing "current Counter-revolutionary hat. An old worker was wronged for no reason, and when he quarreled with a military representative, he moved his hands. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison for the crime of "murdering and making trouble, and carrying out class revenge."

Since the factory was a "model" set up by Mao Zedong himself, all factories across the country took the old workers from the Kuomintang period as the main targets for cleaning up.

The Yumen Oil Mine in Gansu Province was once a major oil company in China during the Kuomintang rule. Anyone who was 18 years old or older when the Communist Party took over the oil mine in 1949 had to be "passed through the sieve". The Revolutionary Committee of the Oilfield blew a "twelfth-level typhoon", and after finding out more than 2,000 people, they said: "There are more than 30,000 people in Yumen, and now only more than 2,000 have been blown, which is not too many." The "Yumen Oil Mine Hidden Secret Service Organization" killed 9 cadres and 8 workers, and hundreds of people were beaten to become disabled and mentally disturbed. Since the former KMT was in power, the Gansu Yumen Oil Mine was once a major oil company in the country, and there are employees who have worked in Yumen in oil departments across the country. The "Yumen Hidden Secret Service Agent" case also spread to the national oil sector. "Wherever there is oil, there are secret agents sent by Yumen." I don't know how many unjust cases have been created.

In the Qaidam Basin, the 32109 oil drilling team in the depths of the Gobi Desert had less than a hundred people and uncovered more than a dozen "counter-revolutionaries", including Yu Lianjie who drilled the first oil well with Wang Lianxi back then.

Hu Wei, deputy director of the Provincial Revolutionary Committee (commander or political commissar of the 21st Army), announced that "the enemy situation in Shaanxi is serious", and the whole province has been arresting "KMT secret agents". In the No. 172 Aircraft Factory in Hanzhong, we started with old workers who had worked in the factory during the Kuomintang period. First, more than 60 people were arrested in the "study class" and tortured to extract confessions, and then the scope of the "secret group" was expanded. More than 500 people were designated as "secret agents" and more than 1,000 people were implicated. During the interrogation, the methods of tying up and beating, strangling the mouth with wire, and sham shooting were performed by the earthwork, while the methods of roasting large light bulbs, closing the drying oven, and electrifying the whole body were performed by modern equipment. During the movement, 21 people were forced to death, including a family member who heard that her husband was designated as a "secret agent" and poured kerosene on himself and set himself on fire. Another 15 people in the factory committed suicide and survived, and 74 people were injured and disabled.

The Jiaoping Coal Mine in Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province arrested an old worker Xiong Kun who had served in the Kuomintang army and asked him to confess his "crime". After three days and three nights without drinking a sip of water and still roasting by the stove, he was forced to talk nonsense, saying that he had participated in the "Anti-Communist National Salvation Army" in 1962 and was still a "deputy commander". The Mining Revolutionary Committee reported to the top to invite credit. The superiors also needed the results of the battle, so they reported it layer by layer, all the way to the province. Hu Wei personally drove to Jiaoping Coal Mine to supervise the battle, "further setting off a new upsurge in the struggle against the enemy". Even those who were illiterate and sold tofu for a living became the "Major General and Teacher" of the Kuomintang; those who were blind in one eye and lost one hand and made a living by cutting thorns and weaving utensils became "Major General Hu Zongnan's Brigade Commander". long". More than 500 people were implicated for no reason, and 8 committed suicide.

The "clearing team" of the Shijiazhuang Railway Bureau was an unprecedented catastrophe for the bureau. More than 1,000 people were falsely accused of being members of the secret service organization and imprisoned in the "cowshed": those who were taken into the "cowshed" were numbered, and the punishments they received were various: tiger benches, pouring cold water, knocking out teeth and forcing Swallowing them into their stomachs, throwing buns on the ground, and forcing prisoners with their hands bound to lie down on the ground like dogs to eat; killing "secret agents" like wrestling; getting up early in the morning and forcing "secret agents" to urinate on each other's heads; They tortured each other, then licked each other's blood and drank their urine.

Hong Wenxuan added:

The official records after the Cultural Revolution said: "Many obscene and shameless punishments, dirty paper and pens...even the Japanese fascist' Gendarmerie' and the Kuomintang reactionaries' Zhazidong' and 'White Mansion' are far behind!" "Only the Shijiazhuang Railway In this massacre at the bureau, 1,645 cadres and workers were persecuted, of which 48 were killed and 128 were disabled."

The old driver looked at the two old professors and said: Now everyone is saying that the Cultural Revolution 2.0 has started, and I don’t know how the steering wheel in China will turn.