Wake up（222）

 

222

 

At the dinner welcoming veteran Chinese medicine Chai Jianhua to Hong Kong, the chief doctor of the clinic, Dr. Bai Bingqing, chatted a lot with Chai Jianhua.

At this time, Qu Ting, a female nurse at the clinic who is about the same age as Dr. Bai Bingqing, interjected. She said: "My mother used to be a barefoot doctor. At that time, the country was poor, and there was a shortage of medical experts, so there were not so many medical professionals. The only way to train a group of barefoot doctors who have a little knowledge of medical skills is to meet emergency needs. In the poor and backward era, there were many sick people, and they needed the treatment of barefoot doctors. Therefore, in that era, in rural areas, barefoot doctors came into being. and was born."

Female nurse Qu Ting continued: "In rural areas in the interior, barefoot doctors are generally selected based on the following two criteria. One is to be selected from a medical family, and the other is to be selected from high school graduates who have a little knowledge of medical skills and pathology. Afterwards, I went to the county health school to train for a year and a half. After graduation, I returned to the village as a barefoot doctor. In fact, because barefoot doctors in the countryside have not received systematic study, their knowledge of medicine and pathology is relatively low. Serious illnesses cannot be cured, let alone complicated illnesses. The problems that barefoot doctors can solve are usually minor ailments such as headaches, body heat, abrasions and trauma. Although they are minor ailments, they can be treated and resolved, which greatly facilitates the villagers The masses. Firstly, they have no time to go to the big hospital to see a doctor. Second, the transportation to the big hospital is very inconvenient. Third, the cost of going to the big hospital is high. Therefore, the villagers respect the barefoot doctor very much, and they all think that they are great knowledge in the village. Molecules are lifesavers."

Qu Ting, a female nurse, sighed: "My mother was a doctor at Shanghai Guangci Hospital. She graduated from the Medical College. Barefoot doctors are very hard, and it is not an easy task. First of all, barefoot doctors do not have a fixed salary. Some of them just get some subsidies from the brigade every month, and some just get the work points of the production team instead. This meager subsidy and work points, It can’t solve their livelihood at all. Therefore, they have to work barefoot in the production team during the day, and learn medical knowledge by themselves at night. Secondly, due to poverty and backwardness, the medical equipment is very simple. Except for a medicine box, a few ordinary medicines Pills, a syringe, some gauze, and little else."

Qu Ting said that despite the hardships, the barefoot doctors at that time were still dedicated to their duties and served the people with enthusiasm. No matter late at night or on a stormy day, as long as a patient calls, they will go to the doctor, and they will seriously see the doctor, give the patient an injection and take medicine. If you can cure yourself, you will try your best to cure it wholeheartedly. Those who cannot be cured by themselves are recommended to be sent to the hospital for treatment, and sometimes they are accompanied by themselves. Barefoot doctors do not charge much for medical treatment, and only recover the cost, because barefoot doctors receive subsidies from the production team. If some barefoot doctors encounter poverty-stricken households and five-guarantee households, they have to subsidize their costs.

At that time, "barefoot doctors" used to spread all over the countryside to treat people's minor diseases. Urban residents receive health care at clinics run by state-owned enterprises. It's an extensive, somewhat basic health care system in China. China's "barefoot doctor" system is one of the most striking examples of the communist revolution. In 1965, Chairman Mao, concerned about the lack of health care in the countryside, envisioned an army that would work half the time in the fields and half the time treating people. Strictly speaking, these people are not doctors, but a kind of medical special forces. Authorities only train them for short periods ranging from a few months to a year, giving them a bag with limited medicine and equipment.

Chai Jianhua said: I was a traveling doctor in my early years, and later became a barefoot doctor in the countryside. I am like these barefoot doctors. Although my medical skills are not high, I pay attention to service attitude. Barefoot doctors often carry a medicine box with a red cross as big as an egg printed on it, and wear white coats, visiting people from house to house. Especially during the period of influenza or epidemic meningitis, barefoot doctors have greater responsibilities and work harder. They not only travel from house to house to distribute medicine, but also have to explain prevention knowledge. Usually, they cannot eat a meal a day or sleep peacefully. Children in the countryside are afraid of injections, so the barefoot doctor will do everything possible to coax the children, or tell them stories, or sing songs for them, and sometimes even buy a candy for the children. Go, before the child cried "Wow", the needle was pulled out again. In this way, when the children in the village saw the barefoot doctor, they would both love and be afraid. Most of them would shrink behind their mothers, stick out their heads, and stare blankly at the Red Cross medicine box on the barefoot doctor's body - there were candies in it. , and more syringes.

Chai Jianhua said again: the ruler is short, but the inch is long. Although the medical skills of the barefoot doctors are not as good as those of the doctors in the big hospitals, sometimes the barefoot doctors can cure the diseases that the doctors in the big hospitals cannot cure. In the eyes of the villagers, the barefoot doctor's treatment is indeed high. But sometimes, it's not up to par. In any case, in that era of poverty and backwardness, barefoot doctors made great contributions to the people, and their contributions cannot be denied. Like most people, I am against the Cultural Revolution, and I am also against Cultural Revolution 2.0. But with the progress of society and the development of science and technology education, hospitals have been established in rural areas, doctors have been standardized, and barefoot doctors have gradually been replaced by graduates of medical universities. This is another step forward for society.

The chief doctor of the clinic, Dr. Bai Bingqing, seemed to disagree with Chai Jianhua. Dr. Bai Bingqing said: China's "barefoot doctor" system is not a successful example of the communist revolution. Mr. Chai, now that you have settled in Hong Kong, you should take a look around, and you will find that the medical systems in the Mainland and Hong Kong are completely different.

Dr. Bai Bingqing continued: I originally had the same opinion as yours. The Cultural Revolution should be negated, but the "barefoot doctor" system should not be negated. But in Hong Kong, which advocates democracy and freedom, the freedom of the press and the press have allowed us to obtain a lot of information and truth that were covered up by the mainland. For example, the truth about "The Barefoot Doctor" was covered up.

Dr. Bai Bingqing said to Pan Guangfu: "You managed your father's clinic. Later, when you were a Hong Kong media reporter, you interviewed many friends in the medical field in the Mainland and Hong Kong. In your report, you mentioned Mao Zedong's June 26 directive. You might as well tell Mr. Chai the contents of his instructions."

Pan Guangfu then said to Chai Jianhua:

On June 26, 1965, when Mao Zedong was talking to his health care doctor, in view of the backwardness of rural medical and health care, he instructed the Ministry of Health to "put the focus of medical and health work on the countryside" to serve the majority of farmers and solve the long-standing problems in rural areas. The plight of no medical treatment and no medicine ensures the health of the people. Because this instruction was issued on June 26, it is also called the "626" instruction.

Pan Guangfu said that the full text of Mao Zedong’s June 26 Directive in my memory is roughly as follows:

On June 26, 1965, Chairman Mao talked with Dr. Li Zhisui, a health care doctor. Chairman Mao Zedong said: It is better to have no books than to believe in books. Tell the Ministry of Health: The work of the Ministry of Health only serves 15% of the country's population, and the 15% are mainly the masters. Eighty-five percent of the population lives in rural areas, and the majority of farmers have no access to medical care, either medical treatment or medicine. The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people. It should be changed to the Ministry of Sanitation of the City or the Ministry of Sanitation of the Lord, or the Ministry of Sanitation of the Lord of the City.

To reform medical education, it is not necessary to study for so many years. How many years did Hua Tuo study? What year did Li Shizhen study in the Ming Dynasty? There is no need to recruit high school or junior high school students for medical education. It is enough for high school graduates to study for three years, and the main improvement is in practice. Even if such doctors are sent to the countryside, even if they are not very capable, they are better than deceptive doctors and witch doctors, and the countryside can afford them. The more books you read, the more stupid you become.

The current inspection and treatment methods in hospitals are not suitable for rural areas at all. The method of training doctors is only for the city, but there are more than 500 million farmers in China. That kind of approach is divorced from the masses. Eighty-five percent of China's population lives in the countryside. If they don't serve the countryside, how can they be called serving the people? In the work, a lot of manpower and material resources are devoted to the so-called cutting-edge, advanced, deep, and difficult disease research. How to prevent and improve the treatment of some frequently-occurring, common, and ubiquitous diseases, no matter what, no one pays attention. Or put very little power. The cutting-edge problem is not that it should be avoided, but that a small amount of manpower and material resources should be allocated, and a large amount of manpower and material resources should be put in the countryside, with the emphasis on the countryside.

Another strange thing is that the doctor must wear a mask for examination, no matter what kind of disease he wears, is it because he is afraid that his disease will be transmitted to others? I think the main reason is that I am afraid that others will infect myself with the disease. (Medical staff said: Some should be worn, such as surgery, do not wear, because the bacteria in the doctor's mouth and nasal cavity may infect the patient's wound.) Treat them separately! Wear them for everything, which first creates a gap between doctors and patients.

In the future, urban hospitals should only keep doctors who have graduated for one or two years, and doctors who are not very capable, and the rest will go to the countryside, and all the good ones will be placed in the countryside.

The "Four Clean-ups" basically came to an end by 1968. But the end of the "Four Clean-ups" has not ended the medical and health work in rural areas! Put the focus of medical and health care in the countryside! Tell the Ministry of Health all this.

 

Doctor Bai Bingqing said to Chai Jianhua with a smile: "Our big reporter Pan Guangfu told Mao's June 26 instructions verbatim. Mr. Chai, you are an old Chinese doctor. Looking back on this history, think about Lao Mao again. In other words, the Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health for the people. It should be changed to the Ministry of Urban Health or the Ministry of Master’s Health, or the Ministry of Urban Master’s Health. Only doctors who have graduated for one or two years will be left in urban hospitals, and the rest will go to the countryside. Medical education To reform, there is no need to study for so many years. How many years did Hua Tuo study? How many years did Li Shizhen study in the Ming Dynasty? Medical education does not need to accept high school or junior high school students, and three years of schooling is enough for high school graduates It is mainly improved in practice."

Bai Bingqing laughed: "What is medical education? It is enough for high school graduates to study for three years. This is Lao Mao's medical education reform? Lao Mao also criticized absurdly that doctors have to wear masks when examining patients. I think it is mainly because of fear. Infect others with the disease."

Those friends in the Hong Kong medical field laughed out loud after hearing what Dr. Bai Bingqing said, only Chai Jianhua and Pan Guangfu couldn't laugh.