The conflict and integration of Han and Mongolian cultures

 

The conflict and integration of Han and Mongolian cultures

 

 

The Han nation has always boasted of its special status in Chinese history, but a part of its history was trampled on by the Mongolian cavalry. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Han people were reduced to the lowest level of society. This also caused conflicts between Han and Mongolian cultures.

Agudengba chatted with Azhuo and Chu Sanxing about the Yuan Dynasty, and naturally they talked about the conflict and integration of Han and Mongolian cultures.

Agudenba said:

The Mongolian rulers not only changed China's political and social structure, but also had a profound impact on Chinese culture and history. This kind of foreign rule in history has caused the values and ways of thinking of different cultures to contradict, conflict and merge with each other.

The difference in cultural values is the core of the cultural conflict between Han and Mongolia. Because the cultural backgrounds of the Han and Mongolian people are different, there are fundamental differences in their cultural values.

The Han nationality is a nation with a long feudal history and a cultural tradition of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Its cultural propositions emphasize the importance of etiquette, morality, culture, education, etc., and also focus on differences, mutual understanding, harmonious coexistence, and tolerance among people. . Behind the cultural history and traditional folk customs of the Han people, what actually stands out is loyalty to the emperor and serving the country, promotion and wealth, honoring the ancestors, and when one person attains enlightenment, chickens and dogs ascend to heaven. Although they are said to be "loyal to the emperor", they actually adhere to the principle of "one emperor and one minister". The most typical example is that the Han people became the bottom class of society in the Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Qing Dynasty, and all Han people shaved off their hair and left their hair. This is another typical example.

The Mongolian people live on the grasslands, and their lifestyle and survival methods are hugely different from those of the Han people. The Mongols, northern ethnic minorities, and ethnic groups in the Western Regions all value individual heroism and war, and emphasize practical and realistic needs, which has also formed their cultural values and ways of thinking.

In the context of the cultural conflict between Han and Mongolia, there were huge conflicts in the political, economic and military interests of both sides.

In the history of the Mongolian invasion of China, the Mongolian people launched many wars against China, resulting in a large number of casualties and property losses. The cultural conflict between the Mongols and the Han is also reflected in the strategies and tactics of war. For example, in the Mongolian army, Mongolian generals often adopt tactics of surprise attacks and quick battles, while the Chinese army focuses on defense as well as offense, striving to defend the city to the death. In fact, the Han people are good at martial arts. As we all know, the Five Hegemons of the Warring States Period, the War between Qin and Han, and the Three Kingdoms divided the world... This historical fact of seizing power by force has never been interrupted. Even in Chinese mythology, Yan and Huang kill each other. Aren't the Han people not warlike? In Chinese history, the Mongols became the foreign rulers in Chinese history, and the Manchus were also foreign rulers. This was an inexplicable "Chinese internal struggle."

The cultural conflict between Han and Mongolia is also reflected in the religious beliefs of Han and Mongolian people. The Han people have Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism as their main beliefs, while the Mongolian people mainly believe in Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism. This difference in religious beliefs also intensifies the contradictions and conflicts between the two cultures.

The cultural conflict between Han and Mongolia had a profound impact on Chinese culture and history. In the history of the Mongolian invasion of China, the Mongolian rulers had a profound impact on China in politics, economy, culture and other aspects.

For example, during the period of Mongolian rule, the Mongolian invaders forcibly implemented the political system of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, abolished and changed the imperial examination system implemented by the Han people, restricted the Han people's entry into the court official system, and actively promoted Mongolian culture, language and clothing. This kind of institutional reform has had a profound impact on China's political and social structure, and has also had a great impact on Chinese culture and language.

On the other hand, the Han-Mongolian cultural conflict also had an impact on China’s national and cultural identity. During the period of the Mongol invasion, China's rulers and cultural elites became more resistant and conservatistic towards foreign cultures. This resistance and conservatism led to the mutation of Chinese culture. Some people say that Chinese culture became stagnant and closed, and even caused the Chinese culture to become stagnant and closed. Gradually becoming culturally disconnected from the world. Some people also say that it is the Mongols who allow the world to understand China, and also allow China to understand the world. In any case, it is an indisputable fact that the Yuan Dynasty transformed Chinese people's cultural values and ways of thinking.

Agudengba sang a song "Old House":

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Looking through family history to find ancestors,

I first learned that my ancestors lived in the Central Plains.

The Yangtze River and the Yellow River flow eastward,

There is an old house in the middle.

The Yan and Huang families were fighting over family property;

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were in turmoil.

Lao Qin slashed his six neighbors with his sword,

The hometown belongs to the Qin family.

The Chu and Han families became red-eyed.

You fight for me to come to my door.

From now on, my hometown belongs to the Liu family.

The world is in chaos and there is no peace.

As soon as the Zhao family's yellow robes were put on,

The ancestral home is divided into two houses in the north and south.

A group of foreigners came,

The main purpose is to drive away the Zhao family.

The entire Zhao family was slaughtered.

The change of the gate and courtyard belongs to Dayuan.

Meng Ren jumped into the whip and became the head of the family.

The Han people bent their knees and became servants.

A little beggar named Zhu,

Forming gangs to kill Mongolians.

The Han people were unwilling to accept their adversity.

I prayed long night for dawn.

The ancestral home after dawn,

The head of the household was changed to the Zhu family name.

Unexpectedly, the Zhu family was divided.

Internal and external troubles are met with natural disasters.

A prodigal son was born,

Luring thieves into the house to dedicate themselves to the ancestral home.

The Manchus became the new masters,

Establish family rules to eliminate old habits.

Men cut off their hair and grow it long,

Give three points to foreigners.

There is one person who is the master of the house.

Blood and tears, family history, tears in dreams.

Families have been ruined for thousands of years,

The walls are broken and the family is in a state of despair.

There is only one wish in my heart,

Old houses were demolished and new buildings built.