Rule the Han with the Han

 

Rule the Han with the Han

 

Hanism always likes to boast about the glory of the Han nation. Hanfu, Hanzhuang, and Han decorations package themselves in colorful colors. Chinese language, Chinese characters, and Chinese culture render the Han Dynasty unparalleled in the world. It is a pity that the Han people have forgotten the shameful time when all Han people shaved their hair and wore braids, and were willing to be slaves of the Manchus. Counting from the time when Qing troops entered the country and established a national political power, the Qing Dynasty ruled for 268 years. It can be said that for nearly three hundred years, the Han people were forced to shave their heads, which has always been throughout the history of the Qing Dynasty. This was a sad period when the Han people forgot their ancestors and rebelled against their clan, and they were slaves of the Qing Dynasty. How can we forget it completely?

Fang Shidi said to Agudengba and the coachman Azhuo: The Han people always shamelessly sing praises for the Qing Dynasty, and they regard the Kangxi and Yong Dynasties as the prosperous age of China and are arrogant. CEO Liu Che’s tweets and party laws seem very familiar.

Fang Shidi said:

Speaking of this period of history, we have to talk about the events in the Qing Dynasty when the vassal kings were deposed. To cut down the vassal policy is to abolish the vassal king. In the article "Strategy for Cutting Down the Domain", it is proposed: "If you cut it off now, it will be counterproductive, and if you don't cut it off, it will be reversed. If you cut it off, the reaction will be urgent and the harm will be small; if you don't cut it off, the reaction will be late and the harm will be great." This means that it is better to cut down the vassal body later than to cut it off later. Cut off the feudal vassal early.

In order to complete the great cause of unification, the Qing government promoted the strategy of "ruling the Han with Han" and named Geng Zhongming the King of Jingnan and Shang Kexi the King of Pingnan. It ordered Wu Sangui to lead the army to attack Sichuan and Yunnan, and Shang Kexi and Geng Zhongming to lead the army to attack Jiangxi and Guangdong. Waiting places. Geng Zhongming died on the way to the army, and his son Geng Jimao attacked King Jingnan. After the southern region was settled, the Qing government ordered Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, and Geng Jimao (who later died as their son Geng Jingzhong) to control Yunnan, Guangdong, and Fujian separately for military needs, and they were collectively called the Three Feudatories.

In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), Emperor Kangxi made a decision, that is, he decided to abolish three vassal kings with different surnames, headed by Pingxi King Wu Sangui who guarded Yunnan.

When Kangxi decided to withdraw from the vassal, his grandmother, Empress Xiaozhuangwen of Emperor Taizong Huangtai of the Qing Dynasty, once suggested not to withdraw from the vassal in a hurry. It would be safer to wait until Wu Sangui and other three vassal kings died of old age before withdrawing from the vassal. This would be safer. An eagerness to withdraw from the feudal vassal might lead to a mutiny.

However, Kangxi, who was young and energetic at the time, did not listen to the mature and prudent approach suggested by his grandmother Xiaozhuang. He still chose to immediately remove Wu Sangui and other San Francisco vassals, which eventually forced Wu Sangui to rebel and started the San Francisco Rebellion that lasted eight years. The Qing Dynasty lost almost half of the country in the south during the San Francisco Rebellion, and all of this was actually paying for Kangxi's youth and vigour.

Fang Shidi continued:

In fact, Xiaozhuang did not seize power like the Empress Dowager Cixi did. Although she was very politically wise, she mostly gave suggestions to the emperor. If she insisted on not allowing Kangxi to reduce the vassalage, Kangxi might not respect his grandmother's opinion. She would insist on cutting down the vassal, but Xiaozhuang was not the kind of woman who insisted on letting the emperor implement her own ideas. She only provided Kangxi with reasonable suggestions based on her life experience. As for whether Kangxi listened or not, that depends on her. He decided for himself.

Kangxi was young at the time. In the end, he did not listen to his grandmother Xiaozhuang's advice and resolutely implemented the reduction of the vassal vassal, which provoked Wu Sangui and other three vassals to rebel.

Of course, Kangxi's youth also had advantages. Wu Sangui was the strongest among the three vassals. However, Wu Sangui was already 65 years old at the time, while Kangxi was only 20 years old. Wu Sangui could be said to have half of his foot in the coffin. Think about it at the same time as Wu Sangui Dorgon only lived to be 39 years old in the early period. Wu Sangui started an army to fight against the Qing Dynasty at this age, and he also faced the young Kangxi. This was destined to be difficult for him to succeed, and the age gap determined the outcome of the two.

Fang Shidi said:

Because at that time, San Francisco was too big to be eliminated and it consumed a huge amount of national finances, which made the young Kangxi eager to abolish it.

The three vassals of the Qing Dynasty, three Han generals who made great achievements in unifying China for the Qing Dynasty in the early Qing Dynasty were named vassal kings with different surnames. In fact, a total of four vassal kings with different surnames were canonized in the early Qing Dynasty, including King Pingxi who was stationed in Yunnan. Wu Sangui, Pingnan King Shang Kexi stationed in Guangdong, Jingnan King Geng Zhongming stationed in Fujian, and Dingnan King Kong Youde stationed in Guangxi.

During the Shunzhi period, Kong Youde was executed by the famous anti-Qing general Li Dingguo of the Southern Ming Dynasty and his family was exterminated. Only one daughter, Kong Sizhen, was adopted by Xiaozhuang as his adopted daughter. Kong Sizhen married Sun Yanling. During the Kangxi period, Sun Yanling and Kong Sizhen went to Guangxi. Geng Zhongming was as early as the Shunzhi period. He died. During the Kangxi period, his grandson Geng Jingzhong inherited the title. Therefore, the four vassal kings with different surnames in the early Qing Dynasty during the Kangxi period did not count the Kong family, leaving only three families.

Shang Kexi was relatively loyal to the Qing Dynasty. It was Shang Kexi who initially proposed that he be old and request to return to his hometown of Haicheng, Liaoning. Kangxi took advantage of the situation and made the decision to abolish San Francisco.

Shang Kexi himself was willing to accept the withdrawal of the vassal state by the imperial court, but Wu Sangui was unwilling to be withdrawn from the vassal state. Wu Sangui wanted to follow the example of the Muying family of Duke Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty and guard Yunnan for generations. Of course Kangxi disagreed. Wu Sangui then incited Shang Zhixin, the son of monk Geng Jingzhong from Fujian, to rebel.

So Shang Zhixin of Guangdong imprisoned his father Shang Kexi, who did not want to rebel and was loyal to the Qing Dynasty, and responded to Wu Sangui. Geng Jingzhong and Wu Sangui hit it off. At the same time, Wu Sangui also coerced Sun Yanling to join the rebellion in Guangxi, so the San Francisco Rebellion took shape.

Kangxi was eager to abolish San Francisco mainly because of centralization of power, because Wu Sangui had a high degree of autonomy in Yunnan, Guizhou, and the three provinces of Sichuan. The military, political, and financial power in the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan were all in Wu Sangui's hands. Wu Sangui could appoint officials at will here. , it was called the "Western Selection" in the Ministry of Civil Affairs at that time, so the existence of Wu Sangui seriously hindered Kangxi's concentration of imperial power. Any monarch who attempts to be dictatorial will not allow people to decentralize power.

In order to consolidate the dictatorship, a cruel tyrant will first attack his opponents.

After Kangxi came to power, the first thing he got rid of was the powerful minister and auxiliary minister Obai in the imperial court. Obai was the founding hero of the Qing Dynasty. In fact, Obai had no intention of rebelling or usurping the throne. It was just that Obai had too much power. It was so big that it threatened the imperial power and affected Kangxi's concentration of imperial power, so Obai was eliminated by Kangxi.

After Kangxi got rid of the powerful official Ao Bai, Wu Sangui was the one who was not conducive to Kangxi's concentration of imperial power. Wu Sangui took state money to raise his own soldiers and horses in the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Not only did the state not see a dime from the taxes in the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, Wu Sangui was also allocated money to pay the army every year. This meant that the Qing Dynasty not only lost the three provinces Taxes also have to be paid every year. No one as emperor can bear this kind of thing.

Why did Kangxi withdraw from the vassal state? From a political point of view, the growing military power of the San Francisco dynasty and its dominance of one side posed a serious threat to the centralization of power, and set a negative example for other local forces, seriously affecting the overall prestige of the Qing Dynasty; from an economic point of view, the expenditure of the San Francisco dynasty has accounted for Half of the Qing Dynasty's income overwhelmed the imperial finances. ​

The court discussed the withdrawal of the vassal state: In the long run, the withdrawal of the vassal state is certain. However, Kangxi's decision to quickly withdraw from the vassal was opposed by the vast majority of courtiers, including Suo'etu and other important ministers. Only Minister Mingzhu, Chen Tingjing, Zhu Guozhi and others supported the rapid withdrawal of the vassal state.

The Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang believed that the three vassals were old and should wait for the opportunity. After the death of the lord of the three vassals, the three vassals would disappear naturally and should not turn into war. Xiaozhuang advised Kangxi that "a holy king is half courage and half endurance."

However, Kangxi resisted the public opinion and decided to withdraw the vassal state. He said: "If we withdraw today, we will rebel. If we do not withdraw, we will rebel. It is better to attack first." At this time Kangxi was 20 years old.

Kangxi's decision to withdraw from the feudal vassalage caused a stir, "everything was boiling in the east, west, north, and south." Yang Qilong launched an uprising in the capital, eunuchs responded in the palace, and Chahar rebelled near the capital. At the same time, major earthquakes in the capital and Taihe occurred successively. There was a fire in the palace, and Emperor Kangxi's beloved Queen Hesheli died.

Besides, it is gratifying that Wu Sangui launched an army in Yunnan, and Geng Jingzhong responded. The San Francisco army entered Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei with overwhelming force. However, Wang Fuchen of Shanxi sat on the mountain and watched the tiger fight and did not listen to the imperial court's orders.

In the decades since the Qing Dynasty unified the country, most of the troops in the Qing Dynasty have not had strong combat effectiveness due to long periods of peace and poor training. It can be said that there are internal and external rebellions, external rebellions and internal rebellions, thunders, fires, earthquakes, natural and man-made disasters. People were panicked for a while, and many officials in the capital even sent their families to Jiangnan Township.

At this time, Kangxi was in a dilemma, whether to appease the three vassals or resolutely withdraw from the vassal state. Suo'etu believed that the court was in crisis and had no chance of winning, so he should kill Mingzhu and Zhou Peigong to appease Wu Sangui; Kangxi's withdrawal from the vassal state entered the most difficult period , including himself, was full of doubts about success, so he ordered four ministers to assist the government, retired to Shengjing, and issued an imperial edict.

At this critical moment, Xiaozhuang encouraged Kangxi: "The greatest danger of the Qing Dynasty is not at the border and the eunuchs in civil strife, but in your own heart."

With the support of Xiaozhuang, Kangxi regained his confidence, activated Zhou Peiping to suppress the Chahar rebels, and defeated Wang Fuchen.

Fang Shidi said again:

Because of the strong power of San Francisco, Wu Sangui became the local emperor. He was feared by the Qing court and regarded as a thorn in the side and a thorn in the flesh. In the twelfth year of Kangxi's reign, Emperor Kangxi ordered the withdrawal of the feudal vassal. At this time, Wu Sangui actually felt great pressure and panicked.

Wu Sangui, who had no choice but to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, rebelled when the imperial court withdrew the vassal state. Immediately, Wu Sangui claimed to be the "President's Grand Marshal of the World on Land and Water" and the General of the Xingming Conqueror. As a result, the rebellion against the Qing Dynasty and the restoration of the Ming Dynasty triggered the San Francisco Rebellion.

However, the corruption of the Ming Dynasty has long lost public opinion. When the banner of "restoring the Ming" is revived, very few people respond. So in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui simply proclaimed himself emperor, with the reign name Zhaowu. Added another short-lived Han emperor to the Chinese nation.

However, in the era of traitors when all Han people shaved their hair and grew braids, willing to be slaves of the Qing Dynasty, as the situation became serious and faced with the encirclement and suppression by the Qing army, Wu Sangui felt too anxious and angry, and suffered from "stroke and choking". , and then the disease "dysentery" was added, which could not be cured. Soon, Wu Sangui died of illness. He lived for sixty-seven years. From beginning to end, Wu Sangui only served as the so-called emperor of the Han people who went south for more than five months.

During the period of reducing vassals and putting down the chaos, in order to stabilize the morale of the army and the people, Kangxi visited Jingshan every day to watch riding and shooting. Some people made sarcastic remarks, but Kangxi ignored them. Kangxi thus strengthened his determination, calmly dealt with it, and stabilized the overall situation. After eight years of struggle by the soldiers at the front, San Francisco was finally pacified.

Under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, brothers of the Han nationality still shaved their hair and wore braids. No one supported the "anti-Qing Dynasty and restoration of the Ming Dynasty". Wearing the official uniforms of the Qing Dynasty, which symbolized the beasts and beasts, became the official dream of Han ministers and Han generals. , this is Chinese tradition. Han people could not become officials of the Qing Dynasty, so "shaving their hair and changing clothes" or "shaving their hair and changing clothes" became a way of survival for ordinary people. It was also designated by the Qing government as a national policy of "changing customs and changing customs". This is also the origin of the famous saying "changing customs and changing customs" .

Fang Shidi smiled at Agudengba and the coachman Azhuo and sang a song called "Great Chinese Style":

 

The Han nation cannot be bullied;

Chu and Han fought for supremacy and died.

The folk customs of the Han Dynasty are the simplest.

Han clothes, Han drinks, Han dance.

Han culture is the best,

Chinese characters and Chinese language are famous all over the world.

The Qing Dynasty destroyed the Han Dynasty,

Shave your hair and become obedient to the people.

Changing customs and customs has become a national policy.

It is fashionable to shave your hair and leave it in braids.

Once the emperor and the courtiers,

Surrender allegiance to the Qing Dynasty and eliminate the traitors.

A brilliant history of the governance of the Han Dynasty,

Rare blood and tears of Chinese style.