神牛圣地（雪域寓言）

 

神牛圣地

 

在疯牛病流行时期，小公牛考尔为了躲避被屠杀的厄运，他逃离了家园，加入了牛爷带领的牛群，前往神牛圣地印度去了。

牛爷告诉小公牛考尔： 印度文明与宗教文明关系密切，印度的宗教文明建立很早，时间点大致和华夏文明差不多。印度教徒对牛的尊崇可以一直追溯到公元前1500年，那是中国商朝时期。那时印度的部分古经文甚至将杀死一头牛定义为杀死一个人，还威胁说神将会降罪给杀牛的凶犯。因此印度人把牛的地位提升得非常高。但牛在印度的神圣地位并不是与世俱来的。

牛爷说，古代印度的雅利安人作为游牧民族，牛对他们的重要性不言而喻：牛肉可以吃、牛奶可以喝、牛尿可以当做药物，牛粪可以作为燃料和肥料。当雅利安人逐渐安顿下来，由牧业社会转变成农业社会，牛既可以耕种又可以拉车运输，慢慢转变成农业生产不可替代的工具之一。在印度古老的宗教文献《梨俱吠陀》、《往世书》中就强调了牛的重要性，但是，那个时候牛仍然可以杀、可以吃、可以用来祭祀。牛不仅是与农业生活息息相关的重要生产工具，还出现在了印度宗教之中。

到了公元前6－前5世纪，佛教和耆那教逐渐兴起，它们拥有一个共同的特点——不杀生。佛教和耆那教的快速发展，对当时的婆罗门教造成冲击，婆罗门教也顺应社会的变化，开始慢慢的吸纳和接受佛教、耆那教的一些特征：减少使用动物祭祀，甚至警告人们不可以为了食欲而杀生。到了公元8世纪，古老的婆罗门教逐渐发展成今日的印度教，非暴力不杀生也成为一种道德价值观念，人们将屠杀和食用动物视为一种宗教和社会禁忌。

小公牛考尔问道：中国的老子当年西出函谷关，骑的也是牛，他在歇脚时写下了旷世大作《道德经》。中国的神话故事里给牛编排了一个“牛魔王”的角色，并没有将牛作为神去崇拜。为什么印度人会对牛那么崇拜？

牛爷说，在印度教里，牛是主神“湿婆神”的坐骑；因此被印度教徒视为“神兽”。牛，只是神的坐骑而已，并不是神灵本身。湿婆神的坐骑是一头白色的公牛，在印度教的大门外也有牛的雕像。这头神牛名为南迪，意为“欢喜、高兴”，在印度教中非常重要，不仅是湿婆神的坐骑，还是大门的守护神，是印度教八种鬼神中的领袖。所以，印度教对牛的崇敬，不仅是因为素食主义的要求，更是因为它已经顺应时代，成为宗教的组成部分。

牛爷带着他的牛群，来到了印度教的神庙前，神庙里可以见到牛的雕像或壁画，而信徒也对其顶礼膜拜。著名的印度领袖说过：“尊敬、保护牛类，是人类最崇高的行为。这种行业能使人超凡入圣。”

小公牛考尔与牛族们都很惊讶，在印度，随处可以看到三五成群的牛在马路上大摇大摆、招摇过市，有的更是肆无忌惮的卧在车水马龙的道路中间，根本不理会往来的车辆和人群。可见印度人对牛十分崇敬，如同敬仰神明一样。

牛爷说，我为什么带你们到这里来？因为在印度还有一条专门保护牛的法律。印度“宪法”第48条规定，禁止屠宰奶牛，牛犊和以及其它产乳的牛。也就是说，即使不是神牛，在印度也不能被随意屠杀。所以，在印度，一头牛辛辛苦苦的劳作一辈子，等老了干不动活了，要么在主人家颐享天年，要么就只能流放街头，任由其到处流浪，自生自灭。我老了，这里是我最终的归宿。你们还年轻，但在这里可以得到尊重，不受欺侮，这里是牛的天堂。

牛爷说到这里，激动地唱起了《圣牛曲》：

 

日闻村哭夜闻歌，

世事无凭变幻多。

歌哭两忘心自净，

静心默唱圣牛曲。

 

万事不真悲之源，

谎言总将真相瞒。

人生其实皆是牛，

劳逸生死天意定。

 

Divine Cow Properties

 

Divine Cow Properties

 

The young bull Kaul joined the Cow Lord's group. The Cow Lord led the herd to sing "Song of Rest" and began to go to the holy land of sacred cows, which is India.

Cattle, belonging to the cattle family and subfamily Bovine, are herbivorous ruminant mammals. Common domestic cattle originate from aurochs. The aurochs are widely distributed, either inhabiting deep mountains and dense forests, running on vast grasslands, climbing high mountains, or living in humid low-lying areas. From about the late Neolithic period, humans began to domesticate aurochs.

Throughout the history of human civilization, cattle have been everywhere. Cows are a gift from nature to humans. They can be used as food in the fishing and hunting civilization era, as well as food and tools in the farming civilization era, and they can still be used as food in modern times.

Lord Niu said to the little bull Kaul: But in India, in addition to these functions, the cattle tribe also has a layer of sacred attributes, which is the attribute of the sacred cow.

Lord Niu told the little bull Kaur: Indians love cows very much. In India, sacred cows roam all over the streets. Frankly speaking, people who love cattle have a good character. In the eyes of these people, cows mean loyalty and dedication, and the spirit of the old cow has always been promoted in the global village. But Indians' love for cows is partly love, and partly a belief sublimated by love. You may not understand why Indians love cows so much. To clarify this issue, we must first understand that cattle are the node of agricultural civilization. Civilization can be described as very complex or very simple; simply put, human civilization is the history of domesticating animals and making tools. Before the arrival of industrial civilization, humans tamed cattle, and farming technology was promoted, so civilization made essential progress; after taming horses, they could cultivate land and fight wars, and war made a fundamental leap. In an era without machinery, oxen were the most important tools in farming civilization, as they could pull carts and plow the land. Although it is tiring and hard to be a cow or a horse, it will be cared for by its master and become a friend of mankind. Of course, stubborn cows will inevitably be whipped. The conqueror controls the conquered. This is a natural law, and no one can change this fact.

The little bull Kaur asked: Is it God's will that cows are slaves of humans?

Mr. Niu said: Taking China as an example, the law of the Great Qin Dynasty stipulates that "those who steal cattle can be yoked" because the Great Qin Dynasty was promoting farming technology on a large scale and did not allow theft of cattle. In the Song Dynasty, the law also stipulated that "anyone who slaughters cattle and horses without permission shall be sentenced to one year in prison." However, these laws in China only protected production tools or production materials. Chinese people can eat beef, and there is no legal prohibition against eating beef. Indians' spiritual worship of cows is completely different from the customs of other countries in the world. India is a country full of magical realism. Lynchings are common in India due to its government's inability to penetrate the grassroots. Cross-caste love, such as a high-caste girl falling in love with an ordinary boy, is likely to end in "lynching." In case you don’t know, the largest number of lynchings in India stems from the protection of cows. With religion, there is faith. People without faith will lose the ideals they strive for.

The little bull Kaur listened to what the cow master said, but he seemed to understand.

 

Mr. Niu then sang a folk song "Song of Life" that is popular in the snowy area:

 

Don’t do things quickly,

But seek peace of mind.

The old ox pulls the cart to pieces,

You can only take your time.

 

Make friends with virtuous people,

For example, a piece of paper,

The paper wraps blue musk deer,

Fragrance comes from fragrance.

 

Intercourse with evil and evil,

Like a piece of grass,

Use grass to penetrate the fishy smell,

To stink is to get stink.

 

He who conducts himself well will conduct himself well in the world.

Those who are good at dealing with the world must dare to cultivate themselves.

Repentance and reform can avoid all disasters,

Those who are flattering, greedy and angry will fall into hell.

 

印度神牛（雪域寓言）

 

印度神牛

 

小公牛考尔加入了牛爷的族群，牛爷带领牛群一路上唱起了《休怨歌》，开始前往神牛的圣地，那就是印度。

牛，属牛族，为牛亚科；是草食性反刍哺乳动物。普通家牛起源于原牛。原牛则分布广阔，或栖息于深山密林，或奔驰于辽阔的草原，或活动攀援在崇山峻岭，或生存于潮湿低洼之地。大约从新石器晚期起，人类就开始驯化原牛。

整个人类文明史，牛无处不在。牛是大自然赐给人类的礼物，既可以充当渔猎文明时代的食物，也可以在农耕文明时代充当食物和工具，到现代依然可以充当食物。

牛爷对小公牛考尔说：但是在印度，牛族除了这些功能之外，还有一层神圣的属性，就是神牛属性。

牛爷告诉小公牛考尔：印度人很爱牛，在印度，神牛满大街乱窜。坦率说，爱牛的人有一种良好的人品。在这些人的眼里，牛意味着忠诚与奉献，老牛精神始终在地球村得到提倡。但印度人对牛的爱，一部分是爱，另一部分是因爱升华的信仰。你或许不太理解，印度人为什么那么爱牛？要把这个问题说清楚， 首先要明白，牛是农耕文明的节点。文明可以描述得很复杂，也可以很简单；简单来说，人类文明就是驯化动物和制造工具的历史。在工业文明到来之前，人类驯服了牛，农耕技术得以推广，于是文明有了本质进步；驯服了马，可以耕地、也可以打仗，战争有了本质飞跃。在没有机械的时代，牛是农耕文明最重要的工具，可以拉车和耕地。当牛作马，虽然很累很苦，但也会得到主人的关爱，成为人类的朋友。当然，倔牛少不了挨鞭子。征服者驾驭被征服者，这是自然规律，谁也无法改变这个事实。

小公牛考尔问道：难道，牛是人类的奴隶，这是天意？

牛爷说道：以中国为例，大秦律法规定“盗牛者枷”，因为大秦当时在大规模推广农耕技术，不允许偷盗耕牛。到了大宋时，律法还规定“私自宰牛马者，判刑一年。”但中国这些律法只是对生产工具或生产资料的保护。中国人可以吃牛肉，从无任何法律规定禁止吃牛肉。印度人对牛的精神崇拜，与世界各国的习俗完全不同。印度是一个充满魔幻现实主义的国家。由于其政府无法渗透到基层，导致印度私刑很常见。像高种姓的姑娘爱上寻常人家小伙子这种跨种姓爱情，很可能以遭遇“私刑”收场。也许你不知道，印度最多的私刑却源自对牛的保护。有了宗教，便有了信仰，没有信仰的人就会失去为之奋斗的理想。

小公牛考尔听了牛爷说的话，似懂又非懂。

 

牛爷便唱起了一首流传雪域地区的民谣《处世歌》：

 

做事不求快，

但求心自安。

老牛拉破车，

只能慢慢来。

 

交友近贤良，

比如一张纸，

经纸包兰麝，

因香而得香。

 

交往邪与恶，

比如一根草，

以草贯鱼腥，

因臭而得臭。

 

善处身者必善处世，

善处世者必敢修身。

悔过自新能避万劫，

谄曲贪嗔自坠地狱。

Lao Niu leads the way

 

Lao Niu leads the way

 

 

An unprecedented mad cow disease plague has made the world panic. Mad cows have been hunted down all over the global village, and even those that are not sick have been killed.

After the little bull "Kaul" knew that he would also be sent to the slaughterhouse to be slaughtered, maybe the little bull Kaur was afraid of contracting mad cow disease, or maybe he was afraid of being slaughtered by humans, so he quietly ran away from home. But the little bull Kaul didn't want to live in the forest. He didn't want to transform into a bison.

The rational little bull Kaur unconsciously came to a prairie where there was a large herd of cattle. It's full of sunshine, a beautiful and peaceful place. The young bull Kaul saw an old cow lying under a big tree, and he slowly walked towards the old cow.

The old cow asked the young bull Kaul: Where are you from? Where are you going?

The young bull Kaul frankly told the old cow about his experience, and asked the old cow: "You are not infected with mad cow disease here?"

Lao Niu said: "No. The world is so big, there are always safe and healthy places."

The old cow told the young bull Kaul: "I am the oldest cow in Xizhou, and everyone calls me Master Niu. I have been living in various ranches in Xizhou. The owner of the ranch is Fried, who is a very kind man. I was a strong stud bull when I was young, and now I'm old, but instead of sending me to the slaughterhouse, Fried, the ranch owner, sent me to India, where I could live a life of ease without having to do any work."

It turns out that the owner of the ranch, Fried, comes from a noble family and has a family emblem. Fried's ancestors were originally farmers. Later, he started his own ranch. Fried's great-grandfather started from scratch and founded the first livestock farm in the local area. By the time of his death, the Freed family had become one of the largest ranchers in the area. By Fried's grandfather's generation, they not only expanded and increased the property left by his great-grandfather, but also greatly improved the family's prestige and social status. His grandfather had been appointed as a local official and was one of the founders of the local parish. By the time of Fried's father's generation, the scale of the ranch had been further expanded, and a dairy farm and dairy processing plant were established in other places. The Fried family successfully transformed from ranchers to big capitalists and owned large tracts of land locally. Fried is the eldest son in the family. As a descendant of aristocrats and capitalists, he was born with a golden key and was destined to never be poor in his life.

Mr. Niu said: "When Fried was in school, he was both good in character and academics. It shouldn't be a problem to get a doctorate. But his father wanted to train him to be a qualified heir to inherit his pastoral and business empire. Therefore, Fred Before Reed graduated from middle school, his father arranged for him to study business in the family business. Fried's father was a Jew and a capitalist, and he wanted to train him to be a person like himself. But from his teenage years, Fried's father was a Jew and a capitalist. Reed showed sympathy for workers and disliked doing business, so the relationship between father and son was not very good."

The little bull Kaul learned something else from Master Niu's narrative: Fried was assigned to be the general manager of a dairy processing plant opened by his father in another place. But Fried didn't like making money or enjoying himself. He didn't believe in God and stayed with those workers all day long. He knew that almost all of these workers were against the capitalists. Because they pay so much and earn so little.

Mr. Niu said: "Fried has been thinking about why workers work so hard but earn so little, and capitalists don't have to do any manual labor, but have so much wealth." The little bull Kaul was silent.

Mr. Niu said to the little bull again: Fried was not only opposed to letting workers work as cows and horses, but he was also full of sympathy and love for cows and horses. Fried asked me to take my cattle family to live in India. He told me that India is a paradise for cattle because Indians regard cattle as gods.

Under the persuasion of Master Niu, the young bull Kaur decided to go to India to live with Master Niu and his descendants.

The herd happily accepted the young bull into their group. They danced together, and Mr. Niu took the lead in singing the "Song of No Complaints":

 

The difference between poor and rich,

Not just the amount of wealth,

What’s more worth thinking about is:

Why do poor people become poor?

Why do rich people become rich?

God doesn’t seem to have a clear answer.

 

There are also rich people who are unkind because of their wealth.

There are also extremely vicious people who have no money.

Rich people are often never satisfied.

People who have no money often complain about it.

 

When will you be satisfied?

Only when you are content can you always be happy.

Stop complaining that you are inferior to others,

There are many who are not as good as me;

Stop boasting that you are a capable person;

People better than me can be found everywhere.

 

If I were not left here,

Take a step forward and go somewhere else.

Holy places have gods to help them,

There are always more good people than evil people.

牛爷引路（雪域寓言）

 

牛爷引路

 

一场史无前例的疯牛病大瘟疫让世界显得一片恐慌，地球村各地都开始捕杀疯牛，就连那些没病的牛群也全都被封杀了。

小公牛“考尔”知道自己也将被送到屠宰场将被屠宰后，也许小公牛考尔怕染上疯牛病，也许是害怕受到人类的屠宰，他就悄悄地离家出走了。但是小公牛考尔不愿意到森林里去生活，他不想让自己蜕变成野牛。

充满理性的小公牛考尔不自不觉地来到了一片大草原，那里有一大群牛。这里充满了阳光，是个环境优美又平静安宁的好去处。小公牛考尔见到大树下躺着一头老牛，他就慢慢地朝老牛走去。

老牛问小公牛考尔：你从哪里来？准备到哪里去？

小公牛考尔坦诚地告诉老牛自己的经历，同时问老牛：“你们这里没有疯牛病传染？”

老牛说：“没有。世界那么大，总有安全健康的地方。”

老牛告诉小公牛考尔：“我是西洲最年长的牛，大家都叫我牛爷。我一直生活在西洲的一个个牧场，牧场的主人是弗里德，他是个非常仁慈的人。我年轻时是一头强壮的种公牛，现在变老了，但牧场主人弗里德没有将我送到屠宰场去，他让我前往印度，去那里安逸地生活一辈子，也不用干任何活。”

原来牧场的主人弗里德的家族是贵族，还拥有族徽。弗里德的祖先原先是庄稼人。后来创办了自己的牧场，弗里德的曾祖父白手起家，在当地创办了第一个畜牧场。他在去世时，弗里德家族已经成为当地最大的牧场主之一。到了弗里德的祖父那代，不仅扩大和增加了曾祖父留下的财产，还大大提高了家族的声望和社会地位。他的祖父曾被委任为当地的官员，而且还是当地教区的创立人之一。到弗里德的的父亲一代时，牧场规模进一步扩大，还在异地创办了奶牛场和奶制品加工厂。弗里德家族顺利实现了从牧场主到大资本家的转变，在当地拥有大片土地。弗里德是家中长子，作为贵族和资本家的后代，可谓是含着金钥匙出生的，注定这辈子穷不了。

牛爷说：“弗里德上学时，品学兼优，拿个博士学位应该不是问题。但他的父亲更希望把他培养成合格的继承人，继承自己的牧业和商业帝国，因此，弗里德中学还没毕业，就被父亲安排到家族企业学习经商了。弗里德的父亲是一个犹太教徒、资本家，很希望把他培养成一个自己这样的人。但从十几岁起，弗里德就表现出同情工人，厌恶经商的苗头，因此，父子关系不太好。”

小公牛考尔从牛爷的叙述中又知道一些事：弗里德被安排到父亲在外地开设的奶制品加工厂当总经理。但弗里德竟然不爱赚钱、不图享受，他还不信上帝，整天和那些工人待在一起，他知道这些工人几乎都反对资本家。因为他们的付出太多，收入却是那么少。

牛爷说：“弗里德一直在思考，为什么工人那么埋头苦干却收入那么少，资本家不用干任何体力劳动，却有那么多的财富。”小公牛考尔沉默了。

牛爷又对小公牛说：弗里德不仅反对让工人们当牛作马地干苦工，而且对牛马也充满了同情和爱心。弗里德让我带着自己的牛氏家族去印度生活，他告诉我，印度是牛生活的天堂，因为印度人将牛视为神。

在牛爷的劝说下，小公牛考尔决定与牛爷和他的子孙一家同去印度生活了。

牛群愉快地接纳了小公牛加入他们的族群，他们一起跳舞，牛爷领唱了《休怨歌》：

 

穷与富的区别，

不只是财富的多少，

更值得思考的是：

穷人为什么会穷，

富人为什么会富？

上帝似乎没有给出明确的答案。

 

有钱人，也有为富不仁，

无钱人，也有穷凶极恶。

有钱人，常会永不知足，

无钱人，常会叫苦连天。

 

何时才能心满意足？

只有知足才能常乐。

休怨自己不如人，

不如我者多的是；

休夸自己是能人，

胜于我者随处见。

 

如果此地不留我，

迈步前行去别处。

圣地自有神相助，

善人总比恶人多。

 

The fierceness of the swan

 

The fierceness of the swan

 

After being informed by Agudemba, the old swan knew that the money-grubbing executioner was preparing to escort the swans to the slaughterhouse. The old swan and his team of swans spread their wings and flew away from this abominable danger.

Agudengba’s horse, Mahu, had a different view on this. Donkey Mahu said to Agudengba: Almost everyone calls donkeys “stupid donkeys”. In fact, the most stupid ones are probably those who are ignorant. In many human literary and artistic works, swans are often symbols of elegance and noble temperament. But when we return to the real world, we will often find that swans also look fierce and fight with each other.

Mahu, the donkey, was puzzled and said to Agudengba: I often see swans being very aggressive towards their companions. Why are swans so aggressive? Are swans not aggressive towards other animals?

Agudemba smiled: I didn’t expect you to observe the swans so carefully. But when you see a swan on the roadside with a fierce look in its eyes, don't be afraid. At least you should know that the target of its fierceness is probably not towards you.

Agudemba said: Swans have always been famous for their ferocious character, but the ferocity of swans is usually directed at other swans, rather than other smaller water birds, such as ducks. From a biological point of view, it is not surprising that swans, and even all water birds, behave particularly aggressively toward their own kind. After all, their fellow birds are their biggest rivals in competition for survival resources. In fact, all waterfowl are particularly vicious to their own family.

Agudemba said: The three main types of swans that inhabit wetlands are mute swans, yellow-billed swans, and cygnets. Conflicts between swans are the most frequent, and 80% of all negative interactions end in conflict. In other words, swans are ferocious, but they are especially ferocious toward their own family members compared to others. However, being "particularly aggressive towards one's own family" is not a unique behavior of swans. Almost all water birds have similar phenomena. The same kind is the biggest opponent competing for limited resources.

Agudemba pointed out that what is interesting is that among all swan species, cygnets have the hottest tempers and are most likely to conflict with their own kind. This may be related to their twice-yearly transcontinental journeys of 7,000 kilometers each time.

Agudengba told Donkey Mahu: Swans, waterfowl and other birds have internal fights, and animals also have internal fights. Even insects have this phenomenon. But the most cruel and ruthless of internal battles are humans. The history of mankind is actually a history of bloody internal fighting and killing. Humans not only kill their own kind, but also slaughter animals and insects, destroy mountains, forests, rivers, flowers, trees and plants, and destroy the natural ecological environment. Fight against the sky, the earth, and people. If you further understand the history of mankind, you will be able to completely unlock the secrets of the swan's ferocious behavior.

Agudengba rode a donkey and sang the Buddhist song "Song of Life" in the snowy land:

 

I advise people not to do bad things,

God is watching when people are doing things.

There is a god three feet above your head,

Good and evil will be rewarded in the end.

 

Father and son are harmonious and the family will not retreat.

Brothers are in harmony and family is not divided.

Hundreds of birds sing toward the phoenix,

Let a hundred flowers bloom and the world be at peace.

 

Everything is not up to anyone to care about,

Life is arranged by fate,

There are times in life that must eventually come true,

There is no time in life and no time at all.

 

It is difficult for an emperor to succeed in his hegemony;

Changing dynasties does not last long,

Longyou was played by shrimps in shallow water,

The tiger falls in Pingyang and is bullied by the dog.

 

Human feelings are as thin as paper,

The world is like a new chess game,

The Yangtze River and the Yellow River will not flow backward;

Evil will be repaid according to God's will.

天鹅的凶悍（雪域寓言）

 

天鹅的凶悍

 

在阿古登巴的告知下，老天鹅知道了贪财的刽夫正准备将天鹅群押解到屠宰场去后，老天鹅带着他的天鹅群团队张开翅膀，飞离了这个可恶的险境。

阿古登巴的坐骑驴子马户，对此却有不同的看法，驴子马户对阿古登巴说：几乎所有的人都将驴子称为“蠢驴”，其实，最蠢的应该是那些无知的人，在诸多人类的文艺作品中，天鹅往往是优雅、气质高贵的象征。但回到现实世界，就不时会发现天鹅也会目露凶光，彼此大打出手。

驴子马户感到不解的对阿古登巴说：我常看到天鹅对同伴非常凶悍，天鹅为何那么凶？天鹅对其他动物会不凶吗？

阿古登巴笑了：没想到你对天鹅观察的那么仔细。但你看到路边河畔的天鹅目露凶光时，不用害怕，至少你应该知道牠凶的对象多半不是对你。

阿古登巴说：一直以来，天鹅们凶悍的性格确实很出名，但天鹅们的凶悍通常是针对其他天鹅，而非其他比较小型的水鸟，如鸭子之类的。从生物学的观点来看，天鹅甚至所有水鸟们，对同类特别凶悍的行为并不奇怪，毕竟同类伙伴就是竞争生存资源的最大对手。其实，所有水鸟都对自家人特别凶。

阿古登巴说：在湿地栖息的三种主要天鹅有疣鼻天鹅、黄嘴天鹅，以及小天鹅。天鹅同类之间的冲突最为频繁，所有负面互动中，80%最后都以双方冲突收场。换句话说，天鹅很凶，但相较于其他人，牠们对自家人尤其凶悍。不过，“对自家人尤其凶悍”也不是天鹅独有的行为，几乎所有的水鸟都有类似的现象。同类，就是竞争有限资源的最大对手。

阿古登巴指出，有趣的是，所有天鹅种类中又以小天鹅的脾气最为火爆、最容易和同类产生冲突。这可能与牠们每年两次、每次 7,000公里的跨洲旅行有关。

阿古登巴告诉驴子马户：天鹅、水鸟等禽类有内斗，动物间也有内斗，就连昆虫也有这种理发生。但内部争斗最残酷无情的还是人类。一部人类史其实就是血腥的内斗杀戮史。人类不仅残杀同类，还屠杀禽兽、昆虫，毁灭山林河泊和花木植物，破坏自然生态环境。与天斗，与地斗，与人斗，进一步了解人类的历史，也就能完全解开天鹅的凶悍行为秘密。

阿古登巴骑着驴子，一路唱起了雪域佛谣《人生歌》：

 

坏事劝人休莫作，

人在做事天在看，

举头三尺有神明，

善恶到头终有报。

 

父子和而家不退，

兄弟和而家不分，

百鸟朝凤齐争鸣，

百花齐放天下宁。

 

万事不由人计较，

一生都是命安排，

命里有时终须有，

命里无时到底无。

 

帝王霸业事难成，

改朝换代无长久，

龙游浅水遭虾戏，

虎落平阳被狗欺。

 

人情似纸张张薄，

世事如棋局局新，

长江黄河不倒流，

恶有恶报顺天意。