Splendid Tibetan culture

 

Splendid Tibetan culture

 

Agudengba looked at the snow-capped yaks in the distance, and chatted with Lacuo about Tibetan customs and customs.

Agudemba said:

Tibet is home to many ethnic groups such as Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, and Han. Since ancient times, all ethnic groups have shared a common destiny and shared a common destiny. Their multicultural cultures learn from each other and promote each other, and their national emotions are interconnected. It is an ethnic group in the northwest and southwest regions of China. It is a major channel of integration and a major corridor of national culture.

Tibetans mainly live in Zoigai, Hongyuan, Aba, Rangtang, Markang, Heishui and other counties (cities) and in most areas of Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Li County, Songpan and Jiuzhaigou counties. Tibetans also live in Wenchuan and Mao counties. According to their respective areas of residence, they can be divided into Anduo area (pastoral area in northern Aba Prefecture) and Jiarong area (Da and Xiaojinchuan basins west of the Qionglai Mountains and along the Dadu River, Li County, Wenchuan and other areas east of the Qionglai Mountains). and Baima area (Townships such as Wujiao and Caochao in Jiuzhaigou County). According to its production and lifestyle, it can be divided into agricultural areas and pastoral areas.

Tibetans have their own spoken and written language. Anduo dialect is spoken in pastoral areas and some agricultural areas in Aba, Hongyuan, Ruoergai, Rangtang, Jiuzhaigou, Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Markang, Songpan and other places, and Jiarong dialect is spoken in parts of Markang, Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Lixian, Heishui and Wenchuan. Dialect, the Baima Tibetans in Jiuzhaigou County speak the "Baima dialect".

Tibetan has a long history and is a pinyin script. It consists of 30 letters and 4 vowel symbols. It is read horizontally from left to right. The pronunciation has certain differences in different regions. The writing form is consistent with the written language.

Tibetan was created more than 1,300 years ago and is still in use today. It has a rich vocabulary and is the first language among ethnic minorities in the country to enter the international network system of the Internet through international encoding.

Agudemba said:

Tibetans are a nation that is good at singing and dancing. The melodies of Tibetan national music are high and broad, and can be roughly divided into Buddhist music, court music, folk song and dance music, and Tibetan drama.

Tibetan folk songs mainly include "Lu", "Xie" and "Zairou". The music is high-pitched and loud, and sounds like the vast blue sky of the plateau. The tunes are melodious, and the music is based on pentatonic music. It is worth mentioning that they include all human religions, joys and sorrows, joys and sorrows, labor and love themes. The forms of singing and dancing include "Xie" and "Zhuo". Harmonies include: "Re Harmony", "Kang Harmony", "Dui Harmony" and "Aga Harmony". Dance, like music, is inseparable from singing, so "Xie" and "Zhuo" summarize all types of dance in Tibetan areas. They just have different local characteristics, but the content they express is roughly the same.

Agudumba added:

Tibetan areas mainly use cow-hair tents, which are wear-resistant, windproof, warm in winter and cool in summer, and easy to dismantle and carry. There is also a white cloth tent shaped like a "human", which is used for the elderly, young people and guests to live in, or for outings.

In winter, each household in the settlement has a winter house with a civil structure, usually one floor, divided into four or five rooms.

Tibetans in rural areas generally live in mountain villages, and their houses have different architectural features. There are blockhouses made of stone masonry, wooden houses with a bucket structure, and earth buildings made of high walls made of rammed loess. Most of the houses are three stories.

Lacuo said:

I have lived in Myanmar and Bangladesh for a long time and have had contact with Tibetans. Traditional Tibetan clothing includes robes, shirts, boots, felts, fur hats, top hats and corresponding decorations.

Agudemba said:

The differences between Amdo Tibetan clothing and Jiarong Tibetan clothing are mainly reflected in the clothing style, material texture and thickness, and patterns and decorations. Amdo Tibetan clothing is wide in style and made of thick materials, mostly leather and Pulu; women's clothing has few patterns and is simple.

Jiarong Tibetan clothing is slightly narrower in style, made of woolen cloth and laminate products, and is slightly light and thin; women's clothing has more embroidery and is bright and beautiful in color.

The Baima Tibetan clothing is self-contained. The men's clothing is single in color, only black and white. The collar and brimming hat are decorated with multi-color stripes and are made of linen and wool. The blouse is gorgeous in color and has exquisite floral decorations. The upper part is the same as the men's shirt. The same, the lower part of the dress is tied with a white waistband.

Agudumba added:

Due to differences in climate, geography and production activities, Tibetan people have certain differences in their eating habits. The Amdo Tibetan diet mainly includes tsampa, ghee, finger meat, blood sausage, dried meat, yogurt, milk residue cake, ginseng fruit cake, monk buns, milk residue steamed buns, Tibetan dumplings, noodles, fried noodles, oil Fried buns etc. Jiarong Tibetan diet mainly includes five-flavored tsampa, fire-roasted steamed buns, fried steamed buns, multi-grain rice, fragrant pork legs, pickled vegetables, etc.

In terms of marriage customs, before getting engaged in pastoral areas, the groom's family must calculate the woman's "birthday and horoscope"; when proposing marriage, an old man who is familiar with marriage etiquette and customs must be found to act as a matchmaker. There are two types of engagement ceremonies in rural areas: "Inner Lang Green" and "Outer Beer Green". "Langlv" in Tibetan means an internal ceremony, which is limited to family members; "Beerlu" means an external ceremony, in addition to family members, other members can also participate. All participants will receive a small gift.

The main burial methods include sky burial, cremation, water burial, tree burial, and earth burial. Tower burial is mostly the burial custom of monks. Whether it is the grassland pastoral area or the Jiarong area, the funeral methods are similar. No matter what kind of burial style is used, after the funeral ceremony is held, white, yellow, and red cloths should be purchased and printed with various scripture flags to save the souls of the dead and ward off evil spirits, and place them in front and behind the house of the deceased, and around the burial site. This is used to pay homage and save the souls of the dead.

The Tibetan New Year is the most important festival for Tibetans. Before the New Year, every household must make various preparations: cleaning the house, stocking up on cypress branches, frying various oily fruits, making butter cakes, etc. On the first day of the first lunar month, housewives go to the river to grab the "auspicious water". From the second day of the Lunar New Year, people begin to visit each other, pay New Year greetings, and treat each other. From the fourth to the fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, various temples will also organize temple fairs. During the Spring Festival in Jiarong area, entertainment activities such as dragon lantern dancing, lion dancing, and pot dancing are generally organized, and people go from house to house in the villages to pay New Year greetings. In addition, the Mountain Turning Festival, Flower Picking Festival, Yadun Festival, Yak Festival, Xianglong Festival, Zambala Festival, Zhachong Festival, Dairu Festival, Tiori, Flower Viewing Festival, Ink Painting Festival, etc. are also rich local characteristics of Aba Tibetan people. festival.

In social interactions, it is a common etiquette to greet someone and send them a khata. There are mainly two kinds of Hada: silk weaving and white linen weaving. They are available in red, white, yellow, and blue, and are generally two to three meters in length. The exquisite silk hada is woven with pictures of the eight auspicious treasures, pictures of the lotus cloud seat, blessing words, etc. Hada must be presented with both hands, and the other party must also receive it with both hands.

Lacuo and Agudengba talked a lot about Tibetan ethnic customs and folk customs.

Agudengpa sang the song "Tibetan National Style" from the Western Regions:

 

Snowy Tibetan ethnic style,

The great integration between Tibetan and Qiang people and their return to Han Dynasty,

The eagle spreads its wings and is high-spirited,

Yak roam the pasture.

 

Folk songs are loud and loud,

Buddhist music is melodious,

Can sing and dance to praise the sun,

Good weather with blue sky and white clouds.

 

The most beautiful time is hidden in the calendar year,

Every household is having fun,

Visiting each other from house to house,

Be delighted with the gift of Hada.

 

Visiting guests, attending temple fairs,

Zanba ghee air-dried meat,

Fried steamed buns with milk dregs,

There is no end to Tibetan food.

 

Village after village dances in Guozhuang,

The Yak Festival of going around the mountains to pick flowers,

Aba Tibetan people have many festivals.

The snowy land sings endlessly.